Abstract: Described herein is a fluid circuit device. The device incorporates at least one pressure balancing valve located between at least two fluid volumes that can be in a pressure differential arrangement wherein the at least one pressure balancing valve acts to address a pressure differential by opening a fluid volume or volumes to a third pressure equalising volume. In use, the fluid circuit device may in one embodiment be used in an energy absorbtion apparatus.

Abstract: Described herein is a fluid circuit device. The device incorporates at least one pressure balancing valve located between at least two fluid volumes that can be in a pressure differential arrangement wherein the at least one pressure balancing valve acts to address a pressure differential by opening a fluid volume or volumes to a third pressure equalising volume. In use, the fluid circuit device may in one embodiment be used in an energy absorbtion apparatus.

Abstract: Described herein is a fluid circuit device. The device incorporates at least one pressure balancing valve located between at least two fluid volumes that can be in a pressure differential arrangement wherein the at least one pressure balancing valve acts to address a pressure differential by opening a fluid volume or volumes to a third pressure equalising volume. In use, the fluid circuit device may in one embodiment be used in an energy absorbtion apparatus.

Abstract: Described herein is a fluid circuit device. The device incorporates at least one pressure balancing valve located between at least two fluid volumes that can be in a pressure differential arrangement wherein the at least one pressure balancing valve acts to address a pressure differential by opening a fluid volume or volumes to a third pressure equalising volume. In use, the fluid circuit device may in one embodiment be used in an energy absorption apparatus.

Abstract: Energy transfer apparatus such as a viscous damper or hydraulic cylinder apparatus are described along with their use, the apparatus generating velocity dependent damping force between two spatially separate points. The apparatus may comprise a system with a piston coupled to a rod shaft, the piston and rod shaft moving in a fitted, or sealed cylinder with end caps and fluid sealing elements at either end of the cylinder, the system containing fluid in at least one cavity located between the piston and cylinder and an accumulator fluidly connected to the at least one cavity. The rod shaft and piston move relative to the cylinder in the event of an imposed dynamic force and the accumulator counteracts over or under pressure in the at least one cavity.

Abstract: Described herein is a fluid circuit device. The device incorporates at least one pressure balancing valve located between at least two fluid volumes that can be in a pressure differential arrangement wherein the at least one pressure balancing valve acts to address a pressure differential by opening a fluid volume or volumes to a third pressure equalising volume. In use, the fluid circuit device may in one embodiment be used in an energy absorption apparatus.

Abstract: Described herein is an apparatus for securing a coupled element onto a shaft. More particularly, an apparatus is described that provides a tight fitment of a coupled element such as a piston onto a shaft capable of handling high pressure forces without relative movement of the coupled components and, which may minimise parts needed, provide optimal material utilisation, and avoid the requirement for fasteners.

Abstract: A golf club head which includes a swing directing ridge which extends down the hosel and across the club head body. The ridge includes a front sloped surface and a back sloped surface which extend outward from the club head body and hosel to terminate in a crest. The slope of the front and back sloped surfaces are varied from forward slopes to rearward slopes at different portions of the hosel and club head body to provide a wave-like visual cue which promotes desirable golf swing characteristics.

Abstract: A putter which provides visual cues to the golfer that promote a putting stroke having a vertical arc component. The club head includes a top surface which is slanted downward toward the ball and an elbow-shaped hosel which extends forwardly from the top face. The configuration and relationship between the hosel and top face creates a visual image which, when viewed from the golfer's perspective, promotes a pendulum-type putting stroke which includes a vertical arc component.

Abstract: A golf club head adapted to provide a visual cue to a golfer which promotes an inside-outside forward swing of the club head. The club head includes three parallel, visual cue lines, which are provided by the outer edge of the club head toe and the two edges of the face lines. All three cue lines are slanted toward the golfer to provide a visual cue which promotes an outside-inside backswing, which results in a desired inside-outside front swing.