Abstract: A planar film speaker(200) utilizes a first planar film diaphragm (102), and a second planar film diaphragm (104). A taut armature reciprocating impulse transducer (100) is positioned at an edge between the first planar film diaphragm (102) and the second planar film diaphragm (104). A first transmission medium (120) couples the taut armature reciprocating impulse transducer (100) to the first planar film diaphragm (102), and a second transmission medium (122) couples the taut armature reciprocating impulse transducer (100) to the second planar film diaphragm (104). An audio input signal is converted to tactile energy by the taut armature reciprocating impulse transducer (100), which is then converted by the first planar film diaphragm (102) and the second planer film diaphragm (104) into acoustic energy.

Abstract: A reaction propulsion motor (200) utilizes a taut armature reciprocating impulse transducer (100) having a motional mass (18) to generate an excitation force in response to an excitation signal. A conveyor element (204) translates the excitation force into locomotion. A transmission medium (202) is coupled between the taut armature reciprocating impulse transducer (100) and the conveyor element (204) to couple the excitation force generated to the conveyor element (204).

Abstract: A taut armature resonant impulse transducer (100) includes an armature (12), an electromagnetic driver (24, 26) and a magnetic motional mass (18). The armature includes upper (14, 15) and lower (16, 17) cross-coupled non-linear resonant suspension members, each including first and second non-linear springs (62, 72) connected to a stepped central region and to opposite contiguous planar perimeter regions of an eIectromagnetic driver (24, 26) which effects an alternating electromagnetic field. A first end of the second non-linear spring is positioned within a periphery defining a shape of the first non-linear spring.