Abstract: Systems for biological sensing that include, in one implementation, a sensor, a filter, a pump, and a flow channel. The sensor is configured to test a gas sample. The sensor includes an optical cavity. The filter is configured to filter the gas sample. The flow channel is formed by at least the optical cavity, the filter, and the pump. The pump is configured to generate a negative pressure differential inside the flow channel.

Abstract: Multi-pass cavities for cavity ring-down spectroscopy. The multi-pass cavity includes, in one example, a body, a pair of flat mirrors, a light input coupler, a first turning mirror, a second turning mirror, and a light output coupler. The pair of flat mirrors are positioned parallel to each other within a gas channel of the body. The light input coupler is configured to direct a light beam into the gas channel along a first transmission axis. The first turning mirror is configured to reflect the light beam from the first transmission axis toward the resonance cavity. The light output coupler is configured to direct a first portion of the light beam out of the gas channel and reflect a second portion of the light beam along a second transmission axis. The second turning mirror is configured to reflect the light beam from the second transmission axis to the resonance cavity.

Abstract: A pen sterilization device includes a main body having a first end, a second end and a plurality of opposing sides defining a watertight reservoir for containing a sterilization agent. A pair of watertight valves are positioned along each end of the main body and function to allow ingress and egress of a pen to be cleaned. A partition may be provided within the watertight reservoir having one or more brushes that are suspended in the sterilization agent for scrubbing a pen that is passing through the device.

Abstract: A pen sterilization device includes a main body having a first end, a second end and a plurality of opposing sides defining a watertight reservoir for containing a sterilization agent. A pair of watertight valves are positioned along each end of the main body and function to allow ingress and egress of a pen to be cleaned. A central partition may be provided within the watertight reservoir having one or more brushes that are suspended in the sterilization agent for scrubbing a pen that is passing through the device.

Abstract: A process for converting biomass to products is described. Biomass is contacted with hydrogen in the presence of a fluidized bed of hydropyrolysis catalyst in a reactor vessel under hydropyrolysis conditions; and products and char are removed from the reactor vessel. The products leave the fluidized bed at an exit bed velocity, the char has a settling velocity that is less than the exit bed velocity and hydropyrolysis catalyst has a settling velocity that is greater than the exit bed velocity.

Abstract: A pen sterilization device includes a main body having a first end, a second end and a plurality of opposing sides defining a watertight reservoir for containing a sterilization agent, and a pair of watertight valves for allowing ingress and egress of a pen.