Abstract: A lighting assembly includes at least one light source array provided in a housing and a light scattering primary transmissive optical element having at least one focal region positioned substantially parallel or concentric with the light source array. Lens features of the optical element may include a Fresnel lens pattern to produce at least one focal region. An auxiliary transmissive optical element may be provided to further control light distribution and brightness uniformity.

Abstract: Disclosed are lighting arrangements that provide, when in operation, more uniform angular light distribution emissions into an environment. The lighting arrangements use LED light sources, a light scattering optical element and partial reflectance from a light transmissive sheet or reflective layer to produce direct and indirect illumination with improved angular light distribution and uniformity onto targeted illumination surfaces such as ceilings, walls, and floors. The present disclosure provides a solution to problems of non-uniform angular distribution of light causing visual discomfort and spatial discontinuity in output. Energy savings are achieved with high optical efficiency utilizing compact, durable, robust, and aesthetically appealing optical composites and lighting arrangements capable of providing an assortment of configurable angular light distributions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lighting assembly for providing electrically configured light distributions and illumination patterns. The light distributions can be pre-configured and stored in a memory device or adjusted once installed in an environment by use of a wired or wireless controller or control device. The lighting assembly comprises at least one primary transmissive optical element and multiple light sources arranged in two or more independently addressed electrical channels spatially arranged on a common plane of the lighting assembly housing. Each light source channel is both physically separated and electrically adjustable in order to control light input into the optical element and subsequently adjust the light distribution output of the lighting assembly. The lighting assembly can be used to provide a wide range of symmetric and asymmetric lighting distributions for direct or indirect lighting as well as focusing or defocusing a projected beam in a spotlight or downlight configuration.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a lighting arrangement with optical composite that provides, when in operation, more uniform angular light distribution emissions into an environment. Lighting arrangements employing the novel optical composite in conjunction with LED light sources provide direct and indirect illumination with more uniform angular light distribution emissions into application environments. An optically coupled opaque layer suppresses internal reflections of ambient light to improve visual appearance of the optical composite by reducing peak brightness and brightness non-uniformity. In specific embodiments, low visibility matte appearances are achieved that are aesthetically desirable in the “off” (unlit) state. The present disclosure provides a solution to problems of non-uniform angular distribution of light causing visual discomfort and spatial discontinuity in output.

Abstract: Disclosed are lighting arrangements that provide, when in operation, more uniform angular light distribution emissions into an environment. The lighting arrangements use LED light sources, a light scattering optical element and partial reflectance from a light transmissive sheet or reflective layer to produce direct and indirect illumination with improved angular light distribution and uniformity onto targeted illumination surfaces such as ceilings, walls, and floors. The present disclosure provides a solution to problems of non-uniform angular distribution of light causing visual discomfort and spatial discontinuity in output. Energy savings are achieved with high optical efficiency utilizing compact, durable, robust, and aesthetically appealing optical composites and lighting arrangements capable of providing an assortment of configurable angular light distributions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lighting assembly for providing configured light distributions and illumination patterns by spatial arrangement of at least one light source array with a focal region of a light scattering primary transmissive optical element. Adjustment of light scattering properties can be used to further control light distribution patterns. Embodiments with light source arrays of linear and circular geometry are typical and one or more Fresnel lens patterns can be used to provide one or more focal regions. An optional auxiliary transmissive optical element can provide further control of light distribution and brightness uniformity for improved visual appearance. The lighting assembly can be used to provide a wide range of symmetric and asymmetric lighting distributions for direct or indirect lighting.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lighting assembly for providing electrically configured light distributions and illumination patterns. The light distributions can be pre-configured and stored in a memory device or adjusted once installed in an environment by use of a wired or wireless controller or control device. The lighting assembly comprises at least one primary transmissive optical element and multiple light sources arranged in two or more independently addressed electrical channels spatially arranged on a common plane of the lighting assembly housing. Each light source channel is both physically separated and electrically adjustable in order to control light input into the optical element and subsequently adjust the light distribution output of the lighting assembly. The lighting assembly can be used to provide a wide range of symmetric and asymmetric lighting distributions for direct or indirect lighting as well as focusing or defocusing a projected beam in a spotlight or downlight configuration.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrically addressable lighting assembly for providing different adjustable light distribution patterns. The light distributions can be pre-programmed or adjusted once installed in an environment by use of a controller or control device. The lighting assembly comprises at least one primary optical element such as a focusing lens or light guide, which can be backlit and/or edgelit, and light sources arranged in two or more independently addressed electrical channels.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an optical arrangement that provides, when in operation, more uniform angular light distribution emissions into an environment. Furthermore, the present disclosure seeks to provide a lighting assembly employing the optical arrangement to provide, when in operation, more uniform angular light distribution emissions into an environment. The present disclosure seeks to provide a solution to a problem of non-uniform angular distribution of light leading to visual discomfort, spatial discontinuity in output light distribution, and non-availability of optical arrangements that enhance optical properties of light emissions and smooth t light emissions. Furthermore, the present disclosure seeks to provide a solution to a problem of, for example, wastage of electrical energy due to improper lighting emissions into an environment.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical assembly for providing different adjustable light distribution patterns in an environment. The lighting assembly comprises at least one optical element and two or more light source channels each comprising one or more light sources, each light source channel being both physically separated and electrically adjustable in order to control light input into the optical element and subsequently adjust the light distribution output of the optical assembly.

Abstract: A connection piece for connecting graphite electrodes contains at least one region made of graphite and at least one region made of carbon-fiber-reinforced carbon. The graphite contains less than 10 mass-% of fibers and the carbon-fiber-reinforced carbon contains more than 20 mass-% of carbon fibers. The connection piece preferably contains a graphite body in the shape of a cylinder or a bi-cone. There is a plurality of groove-shaped recesses in the graphite body which are filled with the material made of carbon-fiber-reinforced carbon having a percent by weight of carbon fibers of more than 20 mass-%.

Abstract: A connection piece for connecting graphite electrodes contains at least one region made of graphite and at least one region made of carbon-fiber-reinforced carbon. The graphite contains less than 10 mass-% of fibers and the carbon-fiber-reinforced carbon contains more than 20 mass-% of carbon fibers. The connection piece preferably contains a graphite body in the shape of a cylinder or a bi-cone. There is a plurality of groove-shaped recesses in the graphite body which are filled with the material made of carbon-fiber-reinforced carbon having a percent by weight of carbon fibers of more than 20 mass-%.

Abstract: A tubular composite member with two ends for connecting ceramic components made of a composite of an inorganic matrix reinforced with inorganic fibers is formed with an at least partially threaded internal surface and an external surface. A ceramic member has at least one surface formed with one or more annular grooves with an inner shell surface, an outer shell surface, and a root. The inner shell surface is at least partially threaded. A resulting ceramic member assembly includes at least two ceramic members connected by at least one tubular composite member. The ends of the tubular composite member are screwed into the corresponding annular groove of two adjacent ceramic members. The such fastened/joined ceramic members can be operated at high temperatures especially under thermal cycling and/or thermal shock conditions as well as dynamic mechanical load in different directions. Methods to manufacture tubular composite members according to this invention are described.

Abstract: Carbon electrodes have at least one socket with an internal thread to be mated with a threaded pin having at least one external thread. Also such a threaded pin is provided for connecting to such carbon electrodes. The internal thread or external thread of the carbon electrodes and/or the pins are provided with non-load bearing abutment thread windings.

Abstract: An electrode assembly is secured against loosening/unscrewing and cracking of carbon and/or graphite electrodes. The electrodes are connected in columns with threaded connection elements, i.e., carbon nipples. The diameter of the nipples at their equator is 80 to 110% of the diameter of the electrodes. When the electrodes are connected by the nipples, they are not in direct contact with each other. This joint design is a “hybrid” between the widespread conventional nipple joint design and the rarely used male/female joint design. Further, the male/female joint design geometrical design is improved by precluding end-face contact of the electrodes and thus all electrical current must pass through the fully engaged threads of the male and female surfaces and not through the end-faces of the electrodes.

Abstract: A threaded connection is secured against loosening/unscrewing for columns of carbon and/or graphite electrodes. The electrodes are connected in columns with threaded connection elements, i.e., carbon connecting pins. At least one part has a wedge ramp on the root of the thread winding. When the components of the threaded connection are screwed together, the crests of the thread windings of one part abut with the wedge ramps of the other threaded connection component. A contact line is created, possibly multiple sections of a contact line. When the parts are screwed together, all forces are transferred from one part to the other only via the contact line. In a special case, the contour of the thread winding along whose root the wedge ramp is running is reduced e.g. to a connecting line between two wedge ramps located one above the other in the cross-section.

Abstract: A threaded pin is particularly suitable for connecting carbon electrodes that have at least one socket with an internal thread. The pin has a central axis running along its length, two end portions, a midplane between the two end portions, and at least one external thread. The pin is formed with a protrusion that constitutes an abutment surface extending beyond the external thread and faces towards one of the end portions.

Abstract: A threaded connection is secured against loosening/unscrewing for columns of carbon and/or graphite electrodes. The electrodes are connected in columns with threaded connection elements, i.e., carbon connecting pins. At least one part has a wedge ramp on the root of the thread winding. When the components of the threaded connection are screwed together, the crests of the thread windings of one part abut with the wedge ramps of the other threaded connection component. A contact line is created, possibly multiple sections of a contact line. When the parts are screwed together, all forces are transferred from one part to the other only via the contact line. In a special case, the contour of the thread winding along whose root the wedge ramp is running is reduced e.g. to a connecting line between two wedge ramps located one above the other in the cross-section.