Abstract: A detergent composition having a) from about 10% to about 60%, by weight of the composition, of a surfactant system wherein said surfactant system comprises: i) at least 35%, by weight of the surfactant system, of nonionic surfactant and ii) from 5% to about 20%, by weight of the surfactant system, of amine oxide.

Abstract: A detergent composition having a) from about 1% to about 60%, by weight of the composition, of a surfactant system wherein the surfactant system includes: i) at least 35%, by weight of the surfactant system, of nonionic surfactant and ii) from 5% to about 20%, by weight of the surfactant system, of amine oxide. The detergent composition having greater than 3% of fatty acid.

Abstract: A detergent composition having a) from about 1% to about 60%, by weight of the composition, of a surfactant system wherein said surfactant system comprises: i) at least 35%, by weight of the surfactant system, of nonionic surfactant and ii) from 5% to about 20%, by weight of the surfactant system, of amine oxide. The detergent composition having greater than 3% of fatty acid.

Abstract: A detergent composition having a) from about 1% to about 60%, by weight of the composition, of a surfactant system wherein said surfactant system comprises: i) at least 35%, by weight of the surfactant system, of nonionic surfactant and ii) from 5% to about 20%, by weight of the surfactant system, of amine oxide. The detergent composition having greater than 3% of fatty acid.

Abstract: Methods for detecting one or more target bacteria in a test sample are provided. It is shown herein that photosensitizers combined with intense light exposure reduce fluorescing background due to non-bacterial particles. This permits detection of subsequently labeled target bacterial cells (e.g., using a fluorescently labeled antibody) against a largely black background. In particular examples, the methods include incubating the test sample in a growth medium that permits growth of bacteria present in the sample, contacting the sample with a photo-sensitizer; exposing the sample to light under conditions sufficient for the photo-sensitizer to photobleach contaminating non-bacterial particulates present in the sample. The bacteria can then be substantially separated from the sample, thereby generating an isolated bacterial sample. The method can also include contacting the isolated bacterial sample with a binding agent specific for the one or more target bacteria, and detecting the one or more target bacteria.

Abstract: An apparatus for leveling an array of microscopic pens relative to a substrate surface or measuring a relative tilting therebetween includes an actuator configured to drive one of the array or the substrate to vary a distance therebetween, one or more force sensors configured to measure a force between the array and the surface, and a device configured calculate a force curve parameter of the force over the distance or time. The apparatus is configured to level the array relative to the surface by varying a relative tilting between the array and the substrate surface based on the force curve parameter or to measure the relative tilting based on the force curve parameter. Methods and software also are provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for leveling an array of microscopic pens with respect to a substrate surface is provided. The apparatus includes an array of microscopic pens; a substrate having a substrate surface; a controllable arm comprising a spherical ball on an end thereof; a force sensor configured to measure a force exerted on the array or the substrate surface at each of the plurality of positions; one or more actuators configured to drive the array and/or the substrate to vary a relative distance and a relative tilting between the array and the substrate surface; and a controller configured to determine a planar offset of the array with respect to the substrate and initiate a leveling of the array with respect to the substrate based on the planar offset. Methods are also provided.

Abstract: Improved environmental control system for improved nanolithography, imaging, detecting, and fabricating. An article comprising: at least one environmental chamber; at least one conditioning chamber adapted to be in gaseous communication with the environmental chamber, wherein the conditioning chamber comprises at least one gas transport device such as a fan, optionally at least one temperature probe, and at least one heating-cooling device such as a thermoelectric device which in operation provides a cold side and a hot side, at least one water vapor source, and at least one temperature sensor, at least one humidity sensor, wherein the fan, the thermoelectric device, the water vapor source, the temperature sensor, and the humidity sensor are adapted for a temperature controlled and humidity controlled gaseous flow. Two fans can be used, wherein the fans can transport air in the same direction or in opposite directions.