Abstract: Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are a homologous series of natural phenolipids extracted from rye bran which have shown antioxidant activity in bulk oils and oil-in-water emulsions. This application is directed to their use in low-moisture foods using crackers as a model system. ARs (153 ?mol) inhibited lipid oxidation reactions based on delayed formation of primary and secondary products of lipid oxidation compared to a control treatment, and were more effective than ?-tocopherol. The antioxidant activity of ARs of compound of Formula (I) increased as alkyl chain length increased, with optimum activity at alkyl chain length C23:0. There was no effect of alkyl chain length on rate of AR loss. ARs are effective antioxidants in low-moisture foods likely due to their hydrophobic nature, which allowed them to localize in the lipid phase, the purported site of lipid oxidation in the model cracker system.

Abstract: A method of using ultrasonic reflectance to characterize physical properties of fluids, particularly food solutions. In general, the method comprises the steps of: (a) generating longitudinal ultrasonic waves, (b) coupling the transducer to the fluid being investigated, (c) detecting the reflected longitudinal waves, and (d) determining the physical property of interest by correlating certain characteristics of the reflected ultrasonic waves with the physical property being measured. A particular aspect of the invention is a self-calibrating ultrasonic device useful as a solids concentration sensor and/or a dissolution/precipitation sensor. Self calibration is accomplished via a twin delay line. The invention is particularly useful as an on-line sensor in the processing of food solutions such as milk, ketchup, syrup, chocolate and other confectionary.

Abstract: A method of using ultrasonic reflectance to characterize physical properties of fluids, particularly food solutions. In general, the method comprises the steps of: (a) generating longitudinal ultrasonic waves, (b) coupling the transducer to the fluid being investigated, (c) detecting the reflected longitudinal waves, and (d) determining the physical property of interest by correlating certain characteristics of the reflected ultrasonic waves with the physical property being measured. A particular aspect of the invention is a self-calibrating ultrasonic device useful as a solids concentration sensor and/or a dissolution/precipitation sensor. Self calibration is accomplished via a twin delay line. The invention is particularly useful as an on-line sensor in the processing of food solutions such as milk, ketchup, syrup, chocolate and other confectionary.