Abstract: Systems, apparatuses and methods for controlling valves through controlled power escalation towards the actuation threshold of the valve. A power signal is applied to a control input of a valve at a level less than a valve switch threshold at which the valve will be actuated. The power to the control input is then progressively increased. The valve is actuated when the power signal eventually reaches the valve switch threshold, thereby actuating the valve using a power signal commensurate with the actual valve switch threshold of the particular valve and its current operating conditions.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses and methods for controlling valves through controlled power escalation towards the actuation threshold of the valve. A power signal is applied to a control input of a valve at a level less than a valve switch threshold at which the valve will be actuated. The power to the control input is then progressively increased. The valve is actuated when the power signal eventually reaches the valve switch threshold, thereby actuating the valve using a power signal commensurate with the actual valve switch threshold of the particular valve and its current operating conditions.

Abstract: A monitoring apparatus includes a conversion module having firmware embedded therein for converting text data in a first code such as ASCII to binary text data in a second code such as facsimile scan line code. A memory module is connected to the conversion module for facilitating communication of text data in a first code between the conversion module and such memory module. An analog module is connected to the conversion module for interfacing the modem with the telephone line. The apparatus is arranged to monitor a parameter of a controlled process variable, e.g., temperature, signal strength, humidity or the like and responsively generate text data in a first code. The apparatus converts such text data in first code to binary text data in a second code and transmits such converted text data directly to a facsimile machine. Such operation is accomplished without the use of a PC or floppy or hard discs, program cards or other PC-like devices.

Abstract: A monitoring apparatus for carrying out the method is connectable by a telephone line to a central computer system. The apparatus includes first and second input ports for receiving first and second signals, respectively. The first signal represents a volumetric water flow rate while the second signal represents a physical characteristic of the treated water. A processing circuit is connected to the input ports and includes a microprocessor programmable for receiving and totalizing the first signals to a flow volume. The processing circuit also includes a real time clock connected to the microprocessor for continuously computing time. A power supply provides the necessary voltages to the apparatus.The apparatus is arranged to initiate a call to the central computer system upon the occurrence of any one of two or more described conditions such as measured deterioration of water quality, lapse of time or others. Several embodiments are disclosed.