Abstract: An aerosol dispenser, for example an inhaler, consists of a container (12) containing a propellant and a medicament, with a valve (14), and an applicator (16). The applicator includes a frusto-conical diverter (20) with a small orifice (60) facing the valve orifice (37). Aerosol droplets predominantly pass through the small orifice, decelerate, and can then be inhaled, while the propellant gas is predominantly diverted out of the applicator.

Abstract: An optical sensing head is provided for immersion in a solution carrying suspended solids and includes a chamber exposed to the solution and defining asample path which extends through the solution. A spray mechanism is provided which forcefully removes light attenuating deposits which may accumulate on the surfaces of the chamber structure forming the sample path. A light beam is directed along an optical path (which includes as a portion thereof the sample path), and a light sensor is disposed at the other end of the optical path providing a signal indicative of the intensity of the received light. Plumbing is provided through which the exposed chamber may be flooded with clear water to thereby provide a low level suspended solids concentration for use as a reference. A light absorbing member is provided which is selectively positioned across the optical path to provide a high level suspended solids concentration reference when so positioned.