Abstract: A method for providing potential flow elements including a vortex to capture rotation of a turbine, a dipole to capture a blockage effect of the turbine, a sink to capture extracted energy from wind by the turbine, and a source to capture recovery of flow due to inflow from around the turbine is described. Methods for providing configurations of a VAWT array based on a desired attribute of the array, using a low-order model when the array is subject to physical constraints are also described.

Abstract: Variable frequency alternate current (VFAC) bus arrangements and systems using such VFAC bus arrangements are described, such as arrays of turbines. Such systems have a centrally located power process hub connected to the VFAC bus arrangements in a way that there is a dedicated VFAC bus arrangement for each turbine of the array.

Abstract: A V-shaped arrangement of turbines adapted to orient in such a manner that crosswind enters the arrangement in a direction that is substantially parallel to the axis bisecting the arrangement is described. The V-shaped arrangement includes clockwise rotating turbines and counterclockwise rotating turbines.

Abstract: A V-shaped arrangement of turbines adapted to orient in such a manner that crosswind enters the arrangement in a direction that is substantially parallel to the axis bisecting the arrangement is described. The V-shaped arrangement includes clockwise rotating turbines and counterclockwise rotating turbines.

Abstract: A method for providing potential flow elements including a vortex to capture rotation of a turbine, a dipole to capture a blockage effect of the turbine, a sink to capture extracted energy from wind by the turbine, and a source to capture recovery of flow due to inflow from around the turbine is described. Methods for providing configurations of a VAWT array based on a desired attribute of the array, using a low-order model when the array is subject to physical constraints are also described.

Abstract: A method for providing potential flow elements including a vortex to capture rotation of a turbine, a dipole to capture a blockage effect of the turbine, a sink to capture extracted energy from wind by the turbine, and a source to capture recovery of flow due to inflow from around the turbine is described. Methods for providing configurations of a VAWT array based on a desired attribute of the array, using a low-order model when the array is subject to physical constraints are also described.

Abstract: Variable frequency alternate current (VFAC) bus arrangements and systems using such VFAC bus arrangements are described, such as arrays of turbines. Such systems have a centrally located power process hub connected to the VFAC bus arrangements in a way that there is a dedicated VFAC bus arrangement for each turbine of the array.

Abstract: Arrangements of turbines are described. The turbines are staggered or aligned in the downwind direction.

Abstract: A method for providing potential flow elements including a vortex to capture rotation of a turbine, a dipole to capture a blockage effect of the turbine, a sink to capture extracted energy from wind by the turbine, and a source to capture recovery of flow due to inflow from around the turbine is described. Methods for providing configurations of a VAWT array based on a desired attribute of the array, using a low-order model when the array is subject to physical constraints are also described.

Abstract: A velocimetry apparatus and method for the collection of target-specific images of fluid motions are disclosed. The apparatus includes a camera and a light source. The camera collects and provides images of the fluid showing instantaneous positions of particles in the fluid. The light source provides a light sheet (two-dimensional) or volume (three-dimensional) to illuminate the particles. The camera and the light source are powered by portable energy sources and measure instantaenous velocity of the fluid in a field of view. Shape and distance between first camera, the light source and the portable energy sources are so configured that the apparatus is a self-contained apparatus portable by a diver during operation thereof.

Abstract: Arrangements of turbines are described. The turbines are staggered or aligned in the downwind direction.

Abstract: A velocimetry apparatus and method for the collection of target-specific images of fluid motions are disclosed. The apparatus includes a camera and a light source. The camera collects and provides images of the fluid showing instantaneous positions of particles in the fluid. The light source provides a light sheet (two-dimensional) or volume (three-dimensional) to illuminate the particles. The camera and the light source are powered by portable energy sources and measure instantaenous velocity of the fluid in a field of view. Shape and distance between first camera, the light source and the portable energy sources are so configured that the apparatus is a self-contained apparatus portable by a diver during operation thereof.