Abstract: A valve actuation system comprises a first arm having a first arm contact surface and operatively connected to a valve actuation motion. A second arm having a second arm contact surface is operatively connected to the at least one engine valve. A discrete lost motion device is provided that is controllable between a first, motion conveying state and a second, motion absorbing state. The discrete lost motion devices comprises a plunger contact surface and a housing contact surface. The housing contact surface is configured to engage one of the first or second arm contact surfaces, and the plunger contact surface is configured to engage another of the first and the second arm contact surfaces. The first and second arm contact surfaces, the housing contact surface and the first plunger contact surface are configured to support the discrete lost motion device between the first arm and the second arm.

Abstract: One example includes an aircraft retrofit system to provide a retrofitted aircraft from an original aircraft. The system includes a plurality of multi-axis vectoring nozzles configured to replace a respective plurality of original nozzles of a respective plurality of original engines of the original aircraft and empennage of the original aircraft, such that the retrofitted aircraft includes no empennage. The system also includes retrofit electronics for controlling the plurality of multi-axis vectoring nozzles to provide yaw control of the retrofitted aircraft.