Abstract: The instant invention relates to processes for producing tamper-evident overwrapped packages as well as the products which are produced. These processes utilize various energizing sources to create tamper-evident patterns between the package surface and the underside of the clear overwrap film closure. Tamper-evident patterns can also be created between heat-sealed overlapping sections of the overwrap film.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to processes for producing tamper-evident overwrapped packages as well as the products which are produced. These processes utilize various energizing sources to create tamper-evident patterns between the package surface and the underside of the clear overwrap film closure. Tamper-evident patterns can also be created between heat-sealed overlapping sections of the overwrap film.

Abstract: An assembled hinged lid cigarette package has the lid reinforcing panel held in place against the front wall of the lid portion. Tabs extend from the sides of the lid reinforcing panel and are folded either (i) to fit between the inner and outer side walls of the lid portion, or (ii) within notches cut in each of the inner side walls of the lid portion.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the invention a catalyst packing module is provided which greatly enhances the vapour-liquid transfer rate in the overall hydrogen-liquid water isotopic exchange reaction between streams of gaseous hydrogen and liquid water. The catalyst packing module comprises alternate layers of plane sheet and corrugated sheet and is produced by rolling at least one plane sheet and at least one corrugated sheet together into a right cylinder in a jelly roll configuration. The plane sheet is a woven, knitted or felted cloth of a textile material which wicks water over its surface and the corrugated sheet is an open mesh of metal coated with a porous matrix of polytetrafluoroethylene with exposed, partially platinized carbon particles therein. This catalyst packing module maximizes the hydrophilic surface area per unit volume of packing for the vapour-liquid transfer reaction and also the surface area of the support material (carrier) for the hydrophobic catalyst.

Abstract: For the exchange of hydrogen isotopes between streams of gaseous hydrogen and liquid water, wherein the streams are at a temperature in the range 273 to 573K are brought into contact with one another and a catalytically active mass, an improved catalytically active mass is provided comprising an inherently hydrophotic, porous, polytetrafluoroethylene matrix and partially platinized carbon particles dispersed throughout the whole of the porous polytetrafluoroethylene matrix in the weight ratio of 1:1 to 3:1 of polytetrafluoroethylene to partially platinized high surface area carbon particles. The inherently hydrophobic, porous, polytetrafluoroethylene matrix allows the catalytically active metal to catalyze the hydrogen isotope exchange reaction between hydrogen gas and water vapor in the presence of liquid water while retarding loss of activity of the catalytically active metal by contact of the metal catalyst with liquid water.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for heavy-water extraction from non-electrolytic hydrogen streams using a modified Combined Electrolysis and Catalytic Exchange-Heavy Water Process (CECE-HWP). The method comprises contacting feed water in a catalyst column with hydrogen gas originating partly from such non-electrolytic hydrogen stream and partly from an electrolytic hydrogen stream so as to enrich the feed water with deuterium extracted from both the non-electrolytic and electrolytic hydrogen gas, and passing the deuterium enriched water to an electrolyzer wherein the electrolytic hydrogen gas is generated and then fed through the catalyst column.

Abstract: Apparatus for upgrading and final enrichment of heavy water comprising means for contacting partially enriched heavy water feed in a catalyst column with hydrogen gas (essentially D.sub.2) originating in an electrolysis cell so as to enrich the feed water with deuterium extracted from the electrolytic hydrogen gas and means for passing the deuterium enriched water to the electrolysis cell.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing tritium from heavy water and light water comprising contacting tritiated feed water in a catalyst column in countercurrent flow with hydrogen gas originating from an electrolysis cell so as to enrich this feed water with tritium from the electrolytic hydrogen gas and passing the tritium enriched water to an electrolysis cell wherein the electrolytic hydrogen gas is generated and then fed upwards through the catalyst column. The tritium content of the hydrogen gas leaving the top of the enricher catalyst column is further reduced in a stripper column containing catalyst which transfers the tritium to a countercurrent flow of liquid water.

Abstract: A process for the exchange of hydrogen isotopes between streams of gaseous hydrogen and liquid water is described, wherein the streams at a temperature in the range 273 to 573 K are brought into contact with one another and a catalytically active mass comprising an inherently hydrophobic, porous, polytetrafluoroethylene matrix and partially platinized carbon particles dispersed throughout the whole of the porous polytetrafluoroethylene matrix in the weight ratio of 1:1 to 3:1 of polytetrafluoroethylene to partially platinized high surface area carbon particles. The inherently hydrophobic, porous polytetrafluoroethylene matrix allows the catalytically active metal to catalyze the hydrogen isotope exchange reaction between hydrogen gas and water vapor in the presence of liquid water while retarding loss of activity of the catalytically active metal by contact of the metal catalyst with liquid water.

Abstract: A process for the exchange of hydrogen isotopes between streams of gaseous hydrogen and liquid water is described, wherein the streams of liquid water and gaseous hydrogen are simultaneously brought into contact with one another and a catalyst packed bed assembly while at a temperature in the range 273.degree. to 573.degree. K. The catalyst packed bed assembly may be composed of discrete carrier bodies of e.g. ceramics, metals, fibrous materials or synthetic plastics with catalytically active metal crystallites selected from Group VIII of the Periodic Table, partially enclosed in and bonded to the carrier bodies by a water repellent, water vapor and hydrogen gas permeable, porous, polymeric material, and discrete packing bodies having an exterior surface which is substantially hydrophilic and relatively non-catalytically active with regard to hydrogen isotope exchange between hydrogen gas and water vapor to that of the catalyst bodies.

Abstract: A process for the exchange of hydrogen isotopes between streams of gaseous hydrogen and liquid water, wherein the streams are brought into contact with one another and a catalyst assembly at a temperature in the range 0.degree.-300.degree. C. The catalyst is an inherently hydrophobic material such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, polymethacrylate, polypropylene or carbon black carrying a catalytically active metal, for example, platinum, rhodium and nickel. The inherently hydrophobic support allows the catalytically active metal to catalyze the hydrogen isotope exchange reaction between hydrogen gas and water vapor in the presence of liquid water while retarding loss of activity of the catalytically active metal by contact of the metal catalyst with liquid water.

Abstract: A composite deuterium exchange process incorporating a catalytic exchange region and electrolytic cell region having an anode and cathode separated from each other by an electrolyte permeable diaphragm with liquid water and hydrogen gas being cycled through the two regions. It is preferred that the catalyst used in the catalytic exchange region is one that comprises at least one catalytically active metal selected from Group VIII of the periodic table and have a sealing coating directly thereon of waterproof (impermeable to liquid water) resin and are permeable to water vapor from the liquid water and hydrogen gas permeate the coating to contact the catalytically active metal thereby to exchange hydrogen isotopes, while the coating retards poisoning of the catalyst by liquid water.