Abstract: A submerged gas processor in the form of an evaporator or a submerged gas reactor includes a vessel, a gas delivery tube partially disposed within the vessel to deliver a gas into the vessel and a process fluid inlet that provides a process fluid to the vessel at a rate sufficient to maintain a controlled constant level of fluid within the vessel. A weir is disposed within the vessel adjacent the gas delivery tube to form a first fluid circulation path between a first weir end and a wall of the vessel and a second fluid circulation path between a second weir end and an upper end of the vessel. During operation, gas introduced through the tube mixes with the process fluid and the combined gas and fluid flow at a high rate with a high degree of turbulence along the first and second circulation paths defined around the weir, thereby promoting vigorous mixing and intimate contact between the gas and the process fluid.

Abstract: A submerged gas processor in the form of an evaporator or a submerged gas reactor includes a vessel, a gas delivery tube partially disposed within the vessel to deliver a gas into the vessel and a process fluid inlet that provides a process fluid to the vessel at a rate sufficient to maintain a controlled constant level of fluid within the vessel. A weir is disposed within the vessel adjacent the gas delivery tube to form a first fluid circulation path between a first weir end and a wall of the vessel and a second fluid circulation path between a second weir end and an upper end of the vessel. During operation, gas introduced through the tube mixes with the process fluid and the combined gas and fluid flow at a high rate with a high degree of turbulence along the first and second circulation paths defined around the weir, thereby promoting vigorous mixing and intimate contact between the gas and the process fluid.

Abstract: A submerged gas processor in the form of an evaporator or a submerged gas reactor includes a vessel, a gas delivery tube partially disposed within the vessel to deliver a gas into the vessel and a process fluid inlet that provides a process fluid to the vessel at a rate sufficient to maintain a controlled constant level of fluid within the vessel. A weir is disposed within the vessel adjacent the gas delivery tube to form a first fluid circulation path between a first weir end and a wall of the vessel and a second fluid circulation path between a second weir end and an upper end of the vessel. During operation, gas introduced through the tube mixes with the process fluid and the combined gas and fluid flow at a high rate with a high degree of turbulence along the first and second circulation paths defined around the weir, thereby promoting vigorous mixing and intimate contact between the gas and the process fluid.

Abstract: In the methods for treatment of caustic effluents described in the specification, a spent caustic refinery effluent is supplied to a submerged combustion gas evaporator in which hot combustion gas containing carbon dioxide is injected into the caustic liquid to concentrate the liquid and convert a hydroxide constituent to a carbonate. Where the caustic effluent is from a petroleum refinery, oil in the waste liquid is separated from the aqueous constituent before, during or after concentration.

Abstract: In the methods for treatment of caustic effluents described in the specification, a spent caustic refinery effluent is supplied to a submerged combustion gas evaporator in which hot combustion gas containing carbon dioxide is injected into the caustic liquid to concentrate the liquid and convert a hydroxide constituent to a carbonate. Where the caustic effluent is from a petroleum refinery, oil in the waste liquid is separated from the aqueous constituent before, during or after concentration.

Abstract: A disc-type coin sorter for sorting coin mixtures which include coin denominations of substantially similar diameters, the sorter has a rotatable disc having a resilient top surface, disc rotator, a stationary sorting head having a lower surface positioned over and closely adjacent to the upper surface of the disc and having an opening in the central region thereof for feeding coins between the opposed surfaces of the disc and sorting head, the lower surface of the sorting head being contoured to align the coins in a single file and single layer of coins, the contoured lower surface extending downwardly between exit channels at a common radial position providing a positive guide wall which maintains the radial alignment of coins as they pass between exit channels.

Abstract: A disc-type coin sorter for sorting coin mixtures which include at least one coin denominations of a range of thicknesses, the sorter has a rotatable disc having a resilient top surface, means for rotating the disc, a stationary sorting head having a lower surface positioned over and closely adjacent to the upper surface of the disc and having an opening in the central region thereof for feeding coins between the opposed surfaces of the disc and sorting head, the lower surface of the sorting head being contoured to align the coins in a single file and single layer of coins, and then sorting the coins according to their respective sizes, the contoured lower surface having at least one exit channel where the downstream guiding wall has a lower portion which is closer to the opposed, upstream wall of the channel than the upper portion of the downstream wall.

Abstract: A coin sorter for sorting mixed coins by denomination. The apparatus comprises a rotatable disc which has a resilient surface for receiving coins and imparting rotational movement to the coins. A stationary sorting head has a contoured surface spaced slightly away from and generally parallel to the resilient surface of the rotatable disc. The stationary sorting head sorts and discharges coins of different denominations at different exits around the periphery of the stationary sorting head. The sorting head includes a separate exit channel for each denomination of coin, and a sensor for each coin denomination within the exit channel for that denomination. An encoder monitors the movement of a sensed coin on the rotating disc downstream of the sensors by monitoring the angular movement of the disc.

Abstract: In a missile tracking and guidance system, a fiber optic link is maintained between a missile and the launcher. Tracking after launch is via a video link between the missile seeker and a video imager at the launcher. Guidance signals are derived from the video signal input to the imager and transmitted back to the missile. Additionally, rate sensors and an interrupt or reaim circuit within the launcher allows an operator to reacquire the target for refining the missile seeker look axis toward a target during flight. After the target aimpoint is refined the operator can then release the interrupt circuit, allowing the system to continue tracking from the video input, with a newly established seeker heading established during the aimpoint refinement.

Abstract: This invention discloses latex compositions wherein a specially treated, substantially non-birefringent, cold water swelling, granular starch product is used as a thickener and for partial replacement for the polymer in the latex.

Abstract: A resin blend useful in molding compounds wherein a novolak resin, a carbohydrate and an aminoplast are blended with fillers and the like to form a molding composition curable with cross linking agents. Articles molded in the molding composition of the invention have good flow characteristics, physical and mechanical properties, and provide molded articles with uniform, smooth surfaces which can be pigmented with bright colors.

Abstract: A carbohydrate-phenolic resol resin and a process for production of same wherein an aldose saccharide, preferably a hexose, is reacted with a phenolic compound and urea in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a liquid fusible resin which is reacted with a lower aliphatic aldehyde in the presence of a basic catalyst to form said resol resin.

Abstract: A carbohydrate-phenolic resin and a process for production of same wherein an aldose saccharide, preferably a hexose, is reacted with a phenolic compound and urea in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a solid fusible resin which is curable with cross linking agents, such as hexamethylenetetramine. Instead of urea, use can also be made of diamines, such as toluene diamines and alkylene diamines.

Abstract: A process for the production of carbohydrate-phenolic resins wherein a phenolic compound is reacted with a hexose saccharide in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to form a solid fusible resin which is curable with cross linking agents, such as hexamethylenetetramine.