Abstract: A flow battery field, an electrode slurry, a slurry electrode, a flow battery, and a stack are disclosed. The electrode slurry comprising electrode particles and electrolyte that contains active substance. Based on 100 pbw active substance, the electrode particles are 10-1,000 pbw. The slurry electrode comprises: a bipolar plate, a current collector, and a slurry electrode reservoir configured to store electrode slurry. In the two opposite sides of the bipolar plate, one side is adjacent to the current collector, and the other side is arranged with a slurry electrode cavity, and flow channels are arranged and extended between the bipolar plate and the slurry electrode cavity, so that the electrode slurry is circulated between the slurry electrode cavity and the slurry electrode reservoir. A flow battery that employs the electrode slurry can provide higher and more stable power output under the same current condition and is lower in cost.

Abstract: A flow battery field, an electrode slurry, a slurry electrode, a flow battery, and a stack are disclosed. The electrode slurry comprising electrode particles and electrolyte that contains active substance. Based on 100 pbw active substance, the electrode particles are 10-1,000 pbw. The slurry electrode comprises: a bipolar plate, a current collector, and a slurry electrode reservoir configured to store electrode slurry. In the two opposite sides of the bipolar plate, one side is adjacent to the current collector, and the other side is arranged with a slurry electrode cavity, and flow channels are arranged and extended between the bipolar plate and the slurry electrode cavity, so that the electrode slurry is circulated between the slurry electrode cavity and the slurry electrode reservoir. A flow battery that employs the electrode slurry can provide higher and more stable power output under the same current condition and is lower in cost.

Abstract: Disclosed are embodiments of active materials for organometallic and organometallic-inorganic hybrid electrodes and particularly active materials for organometallic and organometallic-inorganic hybrid cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. In certain embodiments the organometallic material comprises a ferrocene polymer.

Abstract: A new battery configuration and process are detailed. The battery cell includes a solid electrolyte configured with an engineered metallization layer that distributes sodium across the surface of the electrolyte extending the active area of the cathode in contact with the anode during operation. The metallization layer enhances performance, efficiency, and capacity of sodium batteries at intermediate temperatures at or below about 200° C.

Abstract: A method of making a molten sodium battery is disclosed. A first metallic interconnect frame having a first interconnect vent hole is provided. A second metallic interconnect frame having a second interconnect vent hole is also provided. An electrolyte plate having a cathode vent hole and an anode vent hole is interposed between the metallic interconnect frames. The metallic interconnect frames and the electrolyte plate are sealed thereby forming gaseous communication between an anode chamber through the anode vent hole and gaseous communication between a cathode chamber through the cathode vent hole.

Abstract: Sodium energy storage devices employing aspects of both ZEBRA batteries and traditional Na—S batteries can perform better than either battery alone. The hybrid energy storage devices described herein can include a sodium anode, a molten sodium salt catholyte, and a positive electrode that has active species containing sulfur. Additional active species can include a transition metal source and NaCl. As a product of the energy discharge process, Na2Sx forms in which x is less than three.

Abstract: A method of preparing a graphene-sulfur nanocomposite for a cathode in a rechargeable lithium-sulfur battery comprising thermally expanding graphite oxide to yield graphene layers, mixing the graphene layers with a first solution comprising sulfur and carbon disulfide, evaporating the carbon disulfide to yield a solid nanocomposite, and grinding the solid nanocomposite to yield the graphene-sulfur nanocomposite. Rechargeable-lithium-sulfur batteries having a cathode that includes a graphene-sulfur nanocomposite can exhibit improved characteristics. The graphene-sulfur nanocomposite can be characterized by graphene sheets with particles of sulfur adsorbed to the graphene sheets. The sulfur particles have an average diameter of less than 50 nm.

Abstract: A gas sensor is disclosed. The gas sensor includes a gas sensing layer, at least one electrode, an adhesion layer, and a response modification layer adjacent to said gas sensing layer and said layer of adhesion. A system having an exhaust system and a gas sensor is also disclosed. A method of fabricating the gas sensor is also disclosed.

Abstract: A new battery configuration and process are detailed. The battery cell includes a solid electrolyte configured with an engineered metallization layer that distributes sodium across the surface of the electrolyte extending the active area of the cathode in contact with the anode during operation. The metallization layer enhances performance, efficiency, and capacity of sodium batteries at intermediate temperatures at or below about 200° C.

Abstract: Disclosed are embodiments of active materials for organometallic and organometallic-inorganic hybrid electrodes and particularly active materials for organometallic and organometallic-inorganic hybrid cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. In certain embodiments the organometallic material comprises a ferrocene polymer.

Abstract: Rechargeable lithium-sulfur batteries having a cathode that includes a graphene-sulfur nanocomposite can exhibit improved characteristics. The graphene-sulfur nanocomposite can be characterized by graphene sheets with particles of sulfur adsorbed to the graphene sheets. The sulfur particles have an average diameter less than 50 nm.

Abstract: Rechargeable lithium-sulfur batteries having a cathode that includes a graphene-sulfur nanocomposite can exhibit improved characteristics. The graphene-sulfur nanocomposite can be characterized by graphene sheets with particles of sulfur adsorbed to the graphene sheets. The sulfur particles have an average diameter less than 50 nm.

Abstract: A metal-air battery is disclosed. The battery includes a sodium anode and an air cathode. The battery further includes a solid electrolyte. The sodium anode may be a molten sodium anode, and the solid electrolyte may be a beta alumina solid electrolyte. The battery has an operating temperature between 100° C. and 200° C.

Abstract: Sodium energy storage devices employing aspects of both ZEBRA batteries and traditional Na—S batteries can perform better than either battery alone. The hybrid energy storage devices described herein can include a sodium anode, a molten sodium salt catholyte, and a positive electrode that has active species containing sulfur. Additional active species can include a transition metal source and NaCl. As a product of the energy discharge process, Na2Sx forms in which x is less than three.

Abstract: Modified surfaces on metal anodes for batteries can help resist formation of malfunction-inducing surface defects. The modification can include application of a protective nanocomposite coating that can inhibit formation of surface defects. such as dendrites, on the anode during charge/discharge cycles. For example, for anodes having a metal (M?), the protective coating can be characterized by products of chemical or electrochemical dissociation of a nanocomposite containing a polymer and an exfoliated compound (Ma?Mb?Xc). The metal, M?, comprises Li, Na, or Zn. The exfoliated compound comprises M? among lamella of Mb?Xc, wherein M? is Fe, Mo, Ta, W, or V, and X is S, O, or Se.

Abstract: A thin-film photovoltaic solar cell device is disclosed. A transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer is disposed on a substrate as a front contact. A window layer is disposed on the TCO layer. A metal oxide layer is disposed on the window layer. An absorber layer is disposed on the metal oxide layer. A back contact layer is disposed on the absorber layer. In one embodiment, the device includes a high resistance barrier (HRT) layer interposed between the window layer and the TCO layer.

Abstract: A method of making a molten sodium battery is disclosed. A first metallic interconnect frame having a first interconnect vent hole is provided. A second metallic interconnect frame having a second interconnect vent hole is also provided. An electrolyte plate having a cathode vent hole and an anode vent hole is interposed between the metallic interconnect frames. The metallic interconnect frames and the electrolyte plate are sealed thereby forming gaseous communication between an anode chamber through the anode vent hole and gaseous communication between a cathode chamber through the cathode vent hole.

Abstract: Rechargeable lithium-sulfur batteries having a cathode that includes a graphene-sulfur nanocomposite can exhibit improved characteristics. The graphene-sulfur nanocomposite can be characterized by graphene sheets with particles of sulfur adsorbed to the graphene sheets. The sulfur particles have an average diameter less than 50 nm.

Abstract: Electrochemical energy storage devices having a metal anode and a solid-state, metal-ion exchange membrane and are characterized by an interfacial layer between the anode and the membrane, wherein the interfacial layer is a solid solution comprising the metal anode and a metallic interfacial conducting agent.

Abstract: Modified surfaces on metal anodes for batteries can help resist formation of malfunction-inducing surface defects. The modification can include application of a protective nanocomposite coating that can inhibit formation of surface defects. such as dendrites, on the anode during charge/discharge cycles. For example, for anodes having a metal (M?), the protective coating can be characterized by products of chemical or electrochemical dissociation of a nanocomposite containing a polymer and an exfoliated compound (Ma?Mb?Xc). The metal, M?, comprises Li, Na, or Zn. The exfoliated compound comprises M? among lamella of Mb?Xc, wherein M? is Fe, Mo, Ta, W, or V, and X is S, O, or Se.