Abstract: A system connected to power lines in a network includes a wireless component; a wired component interfaced with the power lines; a conversion component coupled to the wireless component and the wired component and performs at least unidirectional conversion of a transmission unit between wireless and wired, the conversion employs only MAC addresses for addressing.

Abstract: A charge pump circuit including two transfer capacitors, two reservoir capacitors and a plurality of switches. The transfer capacitors are charged to Vin when the charge pump circuit is in a first operating state, the transfer capacitors are connected in a first series arrangement to apply a +2 Vin charge to one of the reservoir capacitors when the charge pump circuit is in a second operating state, and the transfer capacitors are connected in a second series arrangement to apply a -2 Vin charge to the other of the reservoir capacitors when the charge pump circuit is in a third operating state. A control circuit is provided to control the plurality of switches such that the charge pump circuit enters the first through third operating states is a predetermined sequence.

Abstract: A fixed and a user adjustable voltage reference is alternatively provided by an integrated switch which switches between two current sources according to an input voltage. A fixed reference voltage is achieved by amplifying the current of one of the two current sources according to a predetermined voltage difference between the output terminal and an internal reference voltage. An adjustable reference voltage is achieved by amplifying the current of other of the two current sources according to a voltage difference between the internal reference voltage and an user adjustable voltage. In one embodiment, the user adjustable voltage is achieved by a user adjustable voltage divider circuit.

Abstract: A transconductance (g.sub.m) control circuit for bipolar or CMOS rail-to-rail input stages is provided. The g.sub.m is controlled by the use of multiple input pairs and can be used in CMOS or bipolar technology. In CMOS the g.sub.m -control works regardless of the operating region of the MOS transistor, whether it is weak, moderate or strong inversion.

Abstract: A differential amplifier contains a pair of differential portions (10 and 12) that together provide representative signal amplification across the full amplifier power-supply voltage range. Each differential portion normally contains a pair of like-polarity differentially coupled FETs (Q1 and Q2, Q3 and Q4) that divide a tail current (I.sub.N, I.sub.P) into a pair of main currents (I.sub.1 and I.sub.2, I.sub.3 and I.sub.4). The two FET pairs are complementary. A square-root circuit (24) controls the tail currents in such a way that the sum of their square roots is largely constant. Consequently, the amplifier transconductance is largely constant.

Abstract: A combination driver/summing circuit for rail-to-rail operation of a differential amplifier includes a differential amplifier input stage that amplifies an input signal and a current control circuit that regulates the operating currents through the active elements of the differential amplifier input stage. A summing circuit divided into first and second segments and supplied with current from a single common floating current source combines internal currents supplied by the differential amplifier input stage. A class A-B driver/output stage is coupled to the summing circuit to derive at least one output signal representative of the input signal and which is operative over nearly the full rail-to-rail supply voltage range.

Abstract: A differential amplifier contains first and second differential portions (20 and 22) that operate together to achieve rail-to-rail input amplification capability. A main current supply (6) provides a main supply conduit (I.sub.L) for the two differential portions. The circuit transconductance is controlled in a desired manner with a control amplifier (AN) suitably coupled to the differential portions and main current supply. A current-steering circuit typically formed with a pair of voltage clamps (30 and 32) enables a pair of level-shift current supplies (16 and 18) in the second differential portion to remain conductive as the input common-mode voltage traverses the entire supply voltage range. Consequently, the differential amplifier achieves a very fast response to changes in the input voltage difference irrespective of the value of the input commond-mode voltage.