Abstract: A circuit with a built-in self test, comprising: a circuit to be tested; a generating circuit coupled to the circuit to be tested, wherein the generating circuit generates (i) a series of input signals to the circuit to be tested and (ii) a series of reference signals; a space compaction circuit coupled to an output of the circuit to be tested, wherein the space compaction circuit uses a categorized response of the circuit to be tested to compact the output of the circuit to be tested by a maximum ratio and produces a series of output signals when the input signals are applied to the circuit to be tested; an analysis circuit coupled to the space compaction circuit and the generating circuit, providing a signal indicative of error in the circuit to be tested when the output signals fail to correspond to the reference signals.