Abstract: Disclosed herein is a hydrogen storage composition comprising a catalyst composition disposed upon a storage composition; wherein the catalyst composition comprises an alloy of calcium, barium, platinum, palladium, nickel, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, silicon, germanium, rhodium, rhodium, ruthenium, molybdenum, niobium, zirconium, yttrium, barium, lanthanum, hafnium, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing metals.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for making and screening a combinatorial library comprising disposing in a substrate comprising graphite or boron carbide at least one reactant, wherein the reactants are lithium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminum or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing reactants; heat treating the substrate to create a diffusion multiple; contacting the diffusion multiple with hydrogen having at least two phases; detecting any absorption of hydrogen; and/or detecting any desorption of hydrogen.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for making a combinatorial library comprising disposing on a substrate comprising silicon, silicon nitride, silicon carbide or silicon boride at least one reactant, wherein the reactants are lithium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminum or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing reactants; heat treating the substrate to create a diffusion multiple having at least two phases; contacting the diffusion multiple with hydrogen; detecting any absorption of hydrogen; and/or detecting any desorption of hydrogen.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for making and screening a combinatorial library, comprising disposing on a substrate comprising aluminum at least one reactant comprising lithium, germanium, magnesium, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing; heat treating the substrate to create a diffusion multiple having at least one phase; contacting the diffusion multiple with hydrogen; detecting any absorption of hydrogen; and/or detecting any desorption of hydrogen.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for making and screening a combinatorial library comprising disposing in a substrate comprising boron, boron nitride, or boron carbide at least one reactant, wherein the reactants are lithium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminum or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing reactants; heat treating the substrate to create a diffusion multiple having at least two phases; contacting the diffusion multiple with hydrogen; detecting any absorption of hydrogen; and/or detecting any desorption of hydrogen.

Abstract: A gas sensor device including a semiconductor substrate; one or more catalytic gate-electrodes deposited on a surface of the semiconductor substrate; one or more ohmic contacts deposited on the surface of the semiconductor substrate and a passivation layer deposited on at least a portion of the surface; wherein the semiconductor substrate includes a material selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide, diamond, Group III nitrides, alloys of Group III nitrides, zinc oxide, and any combinations thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for the storage of hydrogen comprising contacting a hydrogen storage composition with a gaseous mixture comprising hydrogen; and irradiating the hydrogen storage composition with radio frequency radiation or microwave radiation in an amount effective to facilitate the absorption, adsorption and/or chemisorption of hydrogen into the hydrogen storage composition.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present method includes the steps of introducing a volume of a sample into a vapor delivery line and volatilizing at least a portion of the volume as it is carried through the vapor delivery line. At least a portion of the volatilized volume contacts a sensor element, which produces a signal that is monitored to reveal information about the sample. All components upstream of the sensor element are substantially free of sorbent materials so that the sample volume does not contact a substantially sorbent material before contacting the sensor element.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present method includes the steps of introducing a volume of a sample into a vapor delivery line and volatilizing at least a portion of the volume as it is carried through the vapor delivery line. At least a portion of the volatilized volume contacts a sensor element, which produces a signal that is monitored to reveal information about the sample. All components upstream of the sensor element are substantially free of sorbent materials so that the sample volume does not contact a substantially sorbent material before contacting the sensor element.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a synthetic method comprising contacting at least one diaryl carbonate with one or more dihydroxy aromatic compounds in the presence of a transesterification catalyst under melt polymerization conditions to afford a product polycarbonate. The transesterifcation catalysts used according to the method of the present invention are polyhydropolyborates in combination with tetraalkylammonium or tetraalkylphosphonium compounds which serve as co-catalysts. The transesterification catalysts employed according to the method of the present invention provide polycarbonates having reduced levels of Fries rearrangement product relative to conventionally employed catalysts such as sodium hydroxide in combination with tetramethylammonium hydroxide co-catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a synthetic method comprising contacting at least one diaryl carbonate with one or more dihydroxy aromatic compounds in the presence of a transesterification catalyst under melt polymerization conditions to afford a product polycarbonate. The transesterifcation catalysts used according to the method of the present invention are polyhydropolyborates in combination with tetraalkylammonium or tetraalkylphosphonium compounds which serve as co-catalysts. The transesterification catalysts employed according to the method of the present invention provide polycarbonates having reduced levels of Fries rearrangement product relative to conventionally employed catalysts such as sodium hydroxide in combination with tetramethylammonium hydroxide co-catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a synthetic method comprising contacting at least one diaryl carbonate with one or more dihydroxy aromatic compounds in the presence of a transesterification catalyst under melt polymerization conditions to afford a product polycarbonate. The transesterifcation catalysts used according to the method of the present invention are azonaphthalene sulfonates in combination with tetraalkylammonium or tetraalkylphosphonium compounds which serve as co-catalysts. The transesterification catalysts employed according to the method of the present invention provide polycarbonates having reduced levels of Fries rearrangement product relative to conventionally employed catalysts such as sodium hydroxide in combination with tetramethylammonium hydroxide co-catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a synthetic method in which one or more diaryl carbonates is reacted with one or more dihydroxy aromatic compounds in the presence of a transesterification catalyst under melt polymerization conditions to afford a product polycarbonate. The transesterifcation catalysts used according to the method of the present invention are alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of antimony oxides or germanium oxides in combination with tetraalkyl ammonium or tetraalkyl phosphonium compounds which serve as co-catalysts. The antimony oxide derivative “tartar emetic”, structure IV, was shown to possess excellent activity as a transesterifcation catalyst for the preparation of polycarbonate under melt polymerization conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a synthetic method in which one or more diaryl carbonates is reacted with one or more dihydroxy aromatic compounds in the presence of a transesterification catalyst under melt polymerization conditions to afford a product polycarbonate. The transesterifcation catalysts used according to the method of the present invention are alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of heterocyclic diols in combination with tetraalkylammonium or tetraalkylphosphonium compounds which serve as co-catalysts. The furan diol derivative dimethyl 3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-furandiacarboxylate disodium salt, structure IV, was shown to possess excellent activity as a transesterifcation catalyst for the preparation of polycarbonate under melt polymerization conditions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for the rapid screening of potential reactants, catalysts, and associated process conditions. In an embodiment, the invention comprises a method for evaluating catalyst efficacy in polymerization reactions by the determination of product molecular weight and Fries products.

Abstract: The present invention provides methodology for the rapid discovery of catalytically-active species. In the method of the invention, gradient arrays of catalytic species to be evaluated are absorbed on or impregnated into a support material. Next, the supported array is placed in a single reactor and the desired chemical reaction is carried out. The reaction products stream is then analyzed for the existence of the desired reaction products. If desired reaction products are observed to be present, the support library is divided at least in one half and the reaction conducted again. This technique is then repeated until a single catalyst mixture (or multiple catalyst mixtures) is identified as having the desired catalytic activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a synthetic method in which one or more diaryl carbonates is reacted with one or more dihydroxy aromatic compounds in the presence of a transesterification catalyst under melt polymerization conditions to afford a product polycarbonate. The transesterifcation catalysts used according to the method of the present invention are alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of organic phosphates in combination with tetraalkylammonium or tetraalkylphosphonium compounds which serve as co-catalysts. The organic phosphate derivative adenosine 5′-monophosphate disodium salt was shown to possess excellent activity as a transesterifcation catalyst for the preparation of polycarbonate under melt polymerization conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a synthetic method in which one or more diaryl carbonates is reacted with one or more dihydroxy aromatic compounds in the presence of a transesterification catalyst under melt polymerization conditions to afford a product polycarbonate. The transesterifcation catalysts used according to the method of the present invention are alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of antimony oxides or germanium oxides in combination with tetraalkyl ammonium or tetraalkyl phosphonium compounds which serve as co-catalysts. The antimony oxide derivative “tartar emetic”, structure IV, was shown to possess excellent activity as a transesterifcation catalyst for the preparation of polycarbonate under melt polymerization conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a synthetic method in which one or more diaryl carbonates is reacted with one or more dihydroxy aromatic compounds in the presence of a transesterification catalyst under melt polymerization conditions to afford a product polycarbonate. The transesterifcation catalysts used according to the method of the present invention are alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of heterocyclic diols in combination with tetraalkylammonium or tetraalkylphosphonium compounds which serve as co-catalysts. The furan diol derivative dimethyl 3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-furandiacarboxylate disodium salt, structure IV, was shown to possess excellent activity as a transesterifcation catalyst for the preparation of polycarbonate under melt polymerization conditions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for rapid screening of potential reactants, catalysts, or associated process conditions. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of providing a reaction substrate having at least one substrate reservoir and introducing a reactant system at least partially embodied in a liquid into the substrate reservoirs. The reactant system is heated to at least one predetermined temperature. A flow of inert gas is provided through a manifold above the substrate reservoir. The reaction in the substrate reservoir can be monitored, e.g., visually or spectrophotometrically during the course of the reaction, or the reaction substrate block can be rapidly cooled to stop the reaction in the substrate reservoir prior to analysis.