Abstract: A disk rotary valve assembly for reciprocating piston positive displacement machines, the disk rotary valve having a pair of oppositely arranged fronts, the forces on the pair of oppositely arranged fronts due to the high pressure inside the chamber cancel each other leaving the supports of the disk rotary valve unloaded and improving the sealing quality.

Abstract: A rolling bearing wherein the conventional cage is replaced by independent spacers, one per pair of neighbor rolling elements, each spacer is disposed and trapped between neighbor rolling elements, each spacer is supported on its neighbor rolling elements and is preventing them from coming into contact with each other, each spacer comprising, preferably, a case and a number of auxiliary rolling elements, resulting in rolling bearings having higher load capacity and reduced sliding friction, also a method to improve the conventional cylindrical roller bearings, the conventional ball bearings and the conventional thrust roller bearings.

Abstract: A two-stroke engine working on the Miller/Atkinson cycle, wherein a space underside the piston crown is divided by a separator into two complimentary sections communicating with each other through a passage controlled by a valve so that the engine avoids the subpressure under the piston crown.

Abstract: A constant velocity joint comprising a first shaft rotating about a first rotation axis, a second shaft rotating about a second rotation axis, with the first and the second rotation axes intersecting at the center of the joint, three triads of yokes, each triad of yokes comprising a control yoke, a first shaft yoke pivotally mounted on the first shaft and a second yoke pivotally mounted on the second shaft, with the three yokes of the triad of yokes pivotally mounted to each other to pivot about a common axis passing from the center of the joint, the three control yokes, one from each triad of yokes, are pivotally mounted to each other to pivot about a common axis passing from the center of the joint, with the transmission ratio of the constant velocity joint remaining strictly at 1:1 no matter what the angle between the two rotation axes is.

Abstract: A disk rotary valve assembly for reciprocating piston positive displacement machines, the disk rotary valve having a pair of oppositely arranged fronts, the forces on the pair of oppositely arranged fronts due to the high pressure inside the chamber cancel each other leaving the supports of the disk rotary valve unloaded and improving the sealing quality.

Abstract: A constant velocity joint comprising a first shaft (2) rotating about a first rotation axis (X1), a second shaft (3) rotating about a second rotation axis (X2), a triad of yokes (5) comprising a control yoke (6), a first shaft yoke (7) and a second shaft yoke (8), the first shaft yoke (7) being pivotally mounted on the first shaft (2) with the pivot axis (A1) being oblique to the first rotation axis (X1), the second shaft yoke (8) being pivotally mounted on the second shaft (3) with the pivot axis (A2) being oblique to the second rotation axis (X2), the three yokes of the triad of yokes (5) being pivotally mounted to each other to pivot about a common axis (C) passing from the center (4) of the joint, a set of additional pivotally mounted yokes providing support to the control yoke (6) so that the transmission ratio between the first shaft (2) and the second shaft (3) of the joint (1) remains strictly at 1:1.

Abstract: The mass production of the MultiAir/UniAir of Fiat/INA proves that the hydraulic control can reliably actuate the valves of the modern internal combustion engines, making them greener. Removing the valve springs from the valves and controlling by the cam not only the valve opening but also the valve restoring, the hydraulic system has easier work to do, the rev limit increases, the height and the cost of the engine decrease and the engine can operate according all the MultiAir strategies. Optionally, the control by high speed solenoid valves can be replaced by easier and cheaper control wherein the rotation of the oil piston is what varies the valve lift and the valve duration. If necessary, slow, cheap, low power servomotors can micro-align the angular displacement of different oil pistons to balance the load between the cylinders.

Abstract: A constant velocity joint comprising a first shaft (2) rotating about a first rotation axis (X1), a second shaft (3) rotating about a second rotation axis (X2), a triad of yokes (5) comprising a control yoke (6), a first shaft yoke (7) and a second shaft yoke (8), the first shaft yoke (7) being pivotally mounted on the first shaft (2) with the pivot axis (A1) oblique to the first rotation axis (X1), the second shaft yoke (8) being pivotally mounted on the second shaft (3) with the pivot axis (A2) oblique to the second rotation axis (X2), the three yokes of the triad of yokes (5) being pivotally mounted to each other to pivot about a common axis (C) passing from the center (4) of the joint, a set of additional pivotally mounted yokes (9) providing support to the control yoke (6) so that the transmission ratio between the first shaft (2) and the second shaft (3) of the constant velocity joint (1) remains strictly at 1:1.

Abstract: A constant velocity joint that enables a wide continuous range of shaft angles, being robust throughout this range. It reduces the inertia torque loads on the shafts. The best efficiency, and the least wear, is with the shafts at a straight line. It fits even to driveshafts of cars wherein the maximum angle is near 50 degrees.

Abstract: The mass production of the MultiAir/UniAir of Fiat/INA proves that the hydraulic control can reliably actuate the valves of the modern internal combustion engines, making them greener. Removing the valve springs from the valves and controlling by the cam not only the valve opening but also the valve restoring, the hydraulic system has easier work to do, the rev limit increases, the height and the cost of the engine decrease and the engine can operate according all the MultiAir strategies. Optionally, the control by high speed solenoid valves can be replaced by easier and cheaper control wherein the rotation of the oil piston is what varies the valve lift and the valve duration. If necessary, slow, cheap, low power servomotors can micro-align the angular displacement of different oil pistons to balance the load between the cylinders.

Abstract: A mechanical desmodromic fully variable valve actuation system capable for racing revs. Valve lift and valve duration continuously variable from a maximum to zero. Independently variable valve duration and valve lift.

Abstract: To improve the precision of the control of the charge of a cylinder during idling and low revs/light load operation, a bypass feeding path of low flow capacity provides the cylinder with air or mixture while the high flow capacity intake valves stay closed.

Abstract: A hydro-mechanical variable valve actuation system capable to operate according the “ingoing air control” mode the multiair system of Fiat operates and according the “outgoing air control” mode wherein the load is controlled by the quantity of air that the intake valves allow to escape from the cylinder. A different long-duration cam lobe and a reprogramming of the digital controller is all it takes in order to upgrade the existing multiair system of Fiat.

Abstract: A hydro-mechanical variable valve actuation (or VVA) system that controllably extends the valve duration. The valve opens up to its maximum lift mechanically/conventionally. The hydraulic part of the system controllably retards the closing of the valve, and takes part only during the valve-closing phase.

Abstract: A Fully variable mechanical VVA, or FVVA, achieves more than the Lost Motion VVAs and the Constant Duration VVAs can jointly offer, because the FVVA provides the infinite valve lift profiles a Lost Motion VVA can provide, and the infinite valve lift profiles a Constant Duration VVA can provide and infinite more infinities of different valve lift profiles. The FVVA provides an infinity of valve lifts, and each valve lift can be combined to any duration, from infinite available.

Abstract: A mechanical desmodromic fully variable valve actuation system capable for racing revs. Valve lift and valve duration continuously variable from a maximum to zero. Independently variable valve duration and valve lift.

Abstract: To improve the precision of the control of the charge of a cylinder during idling and low revs/light load operation, a bypass feeding path of low flow capacity provides the cylinder with air or mixture while the high flow capacity intake valves stay closed.

Abstract: The combination of the Fully Variable Valve Actuation or FVVA system with the Desmodromic control results in a fully functional FVVA rid of valve springs and any other kind of the restoring springs of the art.

Abstract: A Fully variable mechanical VVA, or FVVA, achieves more than the Lost Motion VVAs and the Constant Duration VVAs can jointly offer, because the FVVA provides the infinite valve lift profiles a Lost Motion VVA can provide, and the infinite valve lift profiles a Constant Duration VVA can provide and infinite more infinities of different valve lift profiles. The FVVA provides an infinity of valve lifts, and each valve lift can be combined to any duration, from infinite available.

Abstract: For the conversion of a reciprocatory into a rotary motion or vice versa, a reciprocating member is acting upon at least one cam of a driveshaft. Among the benefits and advantages resulting from the choice of the cam profile, there is the possibility of a single cylinder engine which is full balanced, with respect to forces and moments, and a three-in-line which is balanced as perfectly as the Wankel rotary, i.e. perfect balance not only as regards inertia forces and inertia moments, but also as regards inertia torques. It turns out that the form of the profile of the cam and the location of its axis of rotation, relatively to the axis of the reciprocation are substantially limitless.