Abstract: A method of treating viral infections, particularly Hepatitis B (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), by administering a low dose of Elvucitabine to a patient suffering viral infection, is provided herein. The Elvucitabine dosages provided herein for effective anti-viral therapy are approximately 10-fold less than the effective dosages of currently marketed reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The Elvucitabine dosage may be given BID, daily, once ever 48 hours, or once weekly. Also provided herein are packaged pharmaceutical formulations comprising Elvucitabine and instructions for treating a viral infection by administering a low BID, daily, once/48 hour period, or weekly dosage of Elvucitabine. The low dose Elvucitabine formulations provided herein have the additional benefit of improving patient compliance with anti-viral therapy.

Abstract: A method of treating viral infections, particularly Hepatitis B (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), by administering a low dose of Elvucitabine to a patient suffering viral infection is provided herein. The Elvucitabine dosages provided herein for effective anti-viral therapy are approximately 10-fold less than the effective dosages of currently marketed reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The Elvucitabine dosage may be given BID, daily, once every 48 hours, or once weekly. Also provided herein are packaged pharmaceutical formulations comprising Elvucitabine and instructions for treating a viral infection by administering a low BID, daily, once/48 hour, or weekly dosage of Elvucitabine. The low dose Elvucitabine formulations provided herein have the additional benefit of improving patient compliance with anti-viral therapy.

Abstract: A method of treating viral infections, particularly Hepatitis B (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), by administering a low dose of Elvucitabine to a patient suffering viral infection is provided herein. The Elvucitabine dosages provided herein for effective anti-viral therapy are approximately 10-fold less than the effective dosages of currently marketed reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The Elvucitabine dosage may be given BID, daily, once every 48 hours, or once weekly. Also provided herein are packaged pharmaceutical formulations comprising Elvucitabine and instructions for treating a viral infection by administering a low BID, daily, once/48 hour, or weekly dosage of Elvucitabine. The low dose Elvucitabine formulations provided herein have the additional benefit of improving patient compliance with anti-viral therapy.

Abstract: A method of treating viral infections, particularly Hepatitis B (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections, by administering Elvucitabine and a second active agent to a patient suffering viral infection is provided herein. The second active agent is, for example, an immunomodulatory compound, an anti-viral agent, or a combination comprising one or more of the foregoing active agents. For example the anti-viral agent may be a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, a CCR5 inhibitor, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, a protease inhibitor, an integrase inhibitor. Further provided herein are combination dosage forms comprising Elvucitabine and a second active agent. The combination dosage may be administered once per day. The Elvucitabine may be administered less frequently than the second active agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to photonic crystal fibers, in particular to photonic crystal fibers that guide light by virtue of a photonic band gap. It is an object of the present invention to provide such fibers that are formed from materials having higher refractive indices than silica. The object is achieved by an elongate waveguide comprising a core with a relatively low refractive index and a photonic band gap structure that can substantially confine light to the core, the structure comprising elongate regions of relatively low refractive index interspersed with elongate regions of relatively high refractive index wherein the band gap resides above the fifth photonic band of the band gap structure. Alternatively the photonic band gap may have a V0-value in the range 130?V02?160. Alternatively the waveguide has a lattice pitch ? and the elongate regions have a transverse dimension d, wherein the photonic band gap has a normalized centre frequency k0? in the range 5?k0??6, when d/?=0.