Abstract: A method for querying metadata associated with media, such as multimedia and/or streaming media, on a computer network includes separating the metadata into keywords. The keywords are compared with valid keywords. A score is calculated in accordance with the degree of similarity between the keywords and valid keywords. If the degree of similarity is above a threshold, the metadata is qualified as valid metadata. Valid metadata is available for comparison and correction of other (invalid) metadata.

Abstract: The Lexyl Online Group Reservations System is a network computer system and method in which a groups travel coordinator may gather information from Internet hotel booking engines and hotels in their desired destinations worldwide. The invention accomplishes this by collecting all necessary information from the group travel coordinator. It then uses this information to conduct a search of the Internet for rooms fitting the group coordinators needs. Once its search is completed, the system will automatically notify the hotel group managers through electronic mail. The group managers are then invited through this electronic mail invitation to enter the system and view the group travel coordinators booking needs. Once they have the required information, the system allows the hotel managers to respond with all necessary information about their hotel for the group travel coordinator to make their decision.

Abstract: A method for querying metadata associated with media, such as multimedia and/or streaming media, on a computer network includes separating the metadata into keywords. The keywords are compared with valid keywords. A score is calculated in accordance with the degree of similarity between the keywords and valid keywords. If the degree of similarity is above a threshold, the metadata is qualified as valid metadata. Valid metadata is available for comparison and correction of other (invalid) metadata.

Abstract: The present invention provides a customized mattress with a customer-chosen design surface and personalized label attached thereto; a method of customizing the mattress; and a method of manufacturing the same. The personalized label may be a baby's name and birthdate. The method of customizing the mattress may be by placing an order through the Internet, by phone or by computer located on-site at the manufacturer's facility or retail outlet.

Abstract: A retaining ring is configured for use with an apparatus for polishing a substrate. The substrate has upper and lower faces and a perimeter. The apparatus has a movable polishing pad with an upper polishing surface for contacting and polishing the lower face of the substrate. The retaining ring has a retaining face for engaging and retaining the substrate against lateral movement and a bottom face for contacting the polishing surface of the polishing pad. The bottom face of the retaining ring extends downward from an inner portion adjacent the retaining face to a lowermost portion radially outboard of the retaining face.

Abstract: A cleaning device operates to clean a radiation tube within a housing having an internal passageway. The radiation tube is oriented to have an upper end and a lower end. The cleaning device has liquid flow passages having a surface angled relative to the flow of liquid through the internal passageways. Under the flow of water in the internal passageway, the cleaning device is caused to move from a lower end to an upper end of the tube. Flow through the liquid flow passages causes a rotational motion. When liquid flow ceases, gravity causes the cleaning apparatus to return to the lower end of the tube. Upon this return motion, liquid flow through the liquid flow passages again causes rotational motion.

Abstract: A toothpaste dispensing device for dispensing toothpaste from a tube of toothpaste. The toothpaste dispensing device includes a housing comprises a perimeter wall defining an interior space of the housing. The housing comprises an access aperture extending through the perimeter wall whereby the access aperture is designed for permitting access into the interior space of the housing. A delivery assembly extends through the perimeter wall of the housing. The delivery assembly is designed for being coupled to a dispensing end of the tube of toothpaste. The delivery assembly is designed for transferring toothpaste squeezed from the tube of toothpaste through the perimeter wall of the housing. A dispensing assembly extends through the perimeter wall of the housing. The dispensing assembly is designed for being coupled to a crimped end of the tube of toothpaste whereby actuation of the dispensing assembly squeezes toothpaste into the delivery assembly.

Abstract: A carrier head for a chemical mechanical polishing apparatus. A layer of conformable material is disposed in a recess of the carrier head to provide a mounting surface for a substrate. The conformable material may be elastic and undergo normal strain in response to an applied load. The carrier head may also include a support fixture detachably connected to a backing fixture, a retaining ring connected directly to the conformable material, and a shield ring which projects over a portion of the layer of conformable material.

Abstract: A method and system for enhancing metadata associated with media, including multimedia and streaming media, include parsing the metadata into several categories of metadata. The categories of metadata are compared to corresponding categories of metadata obtained from a valid metadata database. The valid metadata database may be obtained from third party databases, referring web pages, and the multimedia/streaming media file itself. The metadata is modified if the comparison indicates that a category of metadata does not match a corresponding category of valid metadata. Modification includes replacing metadata with a corresponding valid metadata, and/or adding metadata to the original metadata.

Abstract: A method for querying metadata associated with media, such as multimedia and/or streaming media, on a computer network includes separating the metadata into keywords. The keywords are compared with valid keywords. A score is calculated in accordance with the degree of similarity between the keywords and valid keywords. If the degree of similarity is above a threshold, the metadata is qualified as valid metadata. Valid metadata is available for comparison and correction of other (invalid) metadata.

Abstract: The present invention provides a retaining ring having an resilient liner for protecting the substrate edge from being damaged during chemical mechanical polishing and a method for making the same. Retainers made of wear resistant ceramics, such as alumina, provide better overall performance, including wear resistance, and reduced particle formation than other retaining ring materials. By incorporating a resilient liner, such as an epoxy, on the inner surface of the wear resistant ring, the substrate edge is protected from damage that can be easily caused by the hard surface of the ceramic alone.

Abstract: An end effector is provided for conditioning pads used to polish semiconductor wafers. The end effector has a substrate with a matrix (preferably a polymer) disposed thereon. Abrasive particles such as diamond crystals are embedded in the matrix. Preferred particle size and number/spacing is provided for optimal conditioning. The particles are embedded by at least a predetermined amount (e.g., 75%) so as to provide uniform/repeatable conditioning while avoiding dislodged particles. The particles may be embedded such that the tips thereof are coplanar, or such that the profile of diamond tips form a plurality of curved regions. A method for checking end effector quality is also provided.

Abstract: A retaining ring is configured for use with an apparatus for polishing a substrate. The substrate has upper and lower faces and a perimeter. The apparatus has a movable polishing pad with an upper polishing surface for contacting and polishing the lower face of the substrate. The retaining ring has a retaining face for engaging and retaining the substrate against lateral movement and a bottom face for contacting the polishing surface of the polishing pad. The bottom face of the retaining ring extends downward from an inner portion adjacent the retaining face to a lowermost portion radially outboard of the retaining face.

Abstract: A carrier head for a chemical mechanical polishing apparatus. A layer of conformable material is disposed in a recess of the carrier head to provide a mounting surface for a substrate. The conformable material may be elastic and undergo normal strain in response to an applied load. The carrier head may also include a support fixture detachably connected to a backing fixture, a retaining ring connected directly to the conformable material, and a shield ring which projects over a portion of the layer of conformable material.

Abstract: A carrier head assembly including a drive shaft and a system flange connectable to the drive shaft where the system flange includes a number of magnetic plates. The carrier head assembly also includes a carrier head flange. The carrier head flange has more magnetic plates, these magnetic plates generally facing the previous plates. The magnetic plates magnetically engage to couple the carrier head flange to the system flange.

Abstract: A conditioner apparatus uses one or more linear conditioners. The linear conditioners extend from the edge of the polishing pad almost to the center of the pad. The conditioner apparatus may use two conditioner rods located on either side of a radial segment. The rods gimbal so that if one rod rises, the other rod is forced downwardly. In addition, the rods can pivot independently about a lateral axis, but they cannot pivot around the vertical axis. The linear conditioners may be actuated by a piezoelectric member or swept by an arm toward and away from the center of the polishing pad.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detecting the roughness of a CMP pad surface, in situ, during pad conditioning by measuring and making use of surface friction effects. The effect is advantageously exploited to determine an endpoint for the pad conditioning process i.e. when the surface roughness of the pad is within a desired range, to facilitate the qualification of conditioning process parameter changes by determining their effect on the conditioning process, and to optimize these parameters. Also, the effect is employed to measure non-uniformities in the pad's surface roughness, and to guide corrective measures. Generally, these objectives are accomplished using an apparatus which includes a floating head having its bottom surface in contact with the top surface of a rotating CMP pad undergoing a CMP pad conditioning process. A bracket is employed to restrain the floating head so as to prevent the head from moving along with the rotating CMP pad.