Abstract: A flywheel system suitable for storing energy when demand for energy from a power plant is low, and from which energy can be retrieved when energy demand increases. The flywheel includes (a) a circular composite or metallic glass ring with a radial width limited to less than about 30 percent of the ring's outer radius, and (b) at least one spoke extending along a diameter of the ring, and attached to the ring at either end. The spoke has sufficient radial extendability due to either bending and elastic radial elongation, or only elastic elongation so that, when the flywheel rotates at operating speed, the spoke extends radially to match the radial growth of the ring, without subjecting the flywheel to significant tension at points of attachment of the spoke to the ring. In one embodiment, both flywheel ring and spoke are made of oriented high strength fibers embedded in a thermoplastic resin.

Abstract: A double clutch structure for connecting an input shaft to an output shaft while always maintaining a predetermined driving torque therebetween includes first and second clutches adapted to selectively connect the input shaft to the output shaft. An engaging structure is movable in a first direction to engage the first clutch and disengage said second clutch. The engaging structure is movable in a second direction to disengage the first clutch and engage the second clutch. A first Belleville spring reacts between the engagement structure and the first clutch for applying a clutch engaging pressure to the first clutch when the engagement structure is moved in the first direction. Similarly, a second Belleville spring reacts between the engagement structure and the second clutch for applying a clutch engaging pressure to the second clutch when the engagement structure is moved in the second direction.

Abstract: A gear coupler for coupling a gear to a shaft includes a first coupling member which is connected for rotation with the shaft and a second coupling member which is connected for rotation with the gear and engageable by the first coupling member. The second coupling member is capable of limited circumferential movement relative to the gear to allow the first and second coupling members to engage each other without the need to rotate the gear. The advantage of this arrangement is that gears can be engaged without the operator needing to exert excessive actuation force on any actuating system which controls the movement of the coupler.

Abstract: The solar cells of a photovoltaic solar cell array are protected from the effects of voltage/plasma interaction in a space environment. The solar array includes a glass enclosure having a substrate and superstrate with integral cell support ridges. The solar cells are held in place, without bonding, by the integral cell support ridges. The solar array is capable of withstanding severe temperature cycling, as the solar cells can freely expand and contract independent of the substrate or superstrate. In addition, a conductive grid is provided on the outer surface of the solar array to provide a zero-potential ground plane to reduce the electric field. The conductive grid provides additional protection against voltage/plasma interaction should the glass enclosure develop holes or cracks, for example, by the penetration of a micrometeor.

Abstract: A method of inspecting the reinforcing members in prestressed concrete beams by generating a magnetic field close to the beam and measuring the field by means of a Hall effect sensor located between the pole pieces of the magnet. A partial or total break in a reinforcing member produces an anomaly in the magnetic field, which in turn registers as a voltage "spike" in the output of the Hall effect sensor. The method further includes a method for enhancing the data by substantially reducing or eliminating the effects of transverse reinforcing steel or support members located at the site of a break in the prestressed member.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to an acoustic Barkhausen stress detector apparatus and a method of obtaining measurements of stress in or determination of the microstructure of ferromagnetic materials. In the preferred and illustrated embodiment, stress or microstructure information in a ferromagnetic specimen is tested and measured through application of a variable magnetic field. A sensitive acoustic detecting device including an input transducer(s) and amplifier(s) forms a signal based on Barkhausen acoustic phenomena which arise from a change in the magnetic field strength. Barkhausen acoustic information is in the form of vibrations produced within the material which occur as magnetic domain walls shift. The domain wall shifts occur at various locations within the material of interest, and the acoustic vibrations are propagated through the material and are observable at the surface by one or more transducers.