Abstract: This invention relates to a process for modifying a polyolefin having 10 to 120 carbon atoms and in which the unsaturated groups are predominantly of the vinylidene type (.dbd.CH.sub.2) said process comprising bringing the polyolefin into contact with a generator of carbenes or of nitrenes in an addition reaction in order to enable the carbenes or the nitrenes to add across the vinylidene unsaturation of the polyolefin. The products can be used as lubricating oil and fuel additives.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of polyolefin 1,3-diols, said process comprising (a) reacting a polyolefin epoxide with a borane or a precursor thereof in a borane-co-ordinating solvent to form an intermediate borane ester, and (b) subjecting the intermediate borane ester so formed in (a) to an alkaline oxidative hydrolysis to form the polyolefin diol. 1,3-diols of polyolefins, especially those of atactic polypropylene and poly(iso)butene, having a --C(CH.sub.3).dbd.CH.sub.2 end group are novel compounds. These diols can be converted into useful products such as e.g. the corresponding carboxylic acids, diamines or hydroxy-amines, or polyethers which are useful as such or as intermediates for producing lube oil and fuel additives.

Abstract: A fuel composition which comprises a major amount of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel and, in an amount to provide detergency, a polyisobutene (PIB) succinimide derived from the reaction of a polyisobutene--substituted succinic acylating agent and an amine having at least one reactive hydrogen bonded to an amine nitrogen is characterised in that the polyisobutene--substituted succinic acylating agent is obtained by a thermal route and the polyisobutene substituent is derived from a highly reactive polyisobutene ie having a high proportion of vinylidene groups --CH.sub.2 CMe.dbd.CH.sub.2. The PIB-substituted succinic acylating agent is preferably obtained by the thermal reaction of the highly reactive polyisobutene with a succinic acylating agent e.g. maleic anhydride.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of polyolefin 1,3-diols, said process comprising (a) reacting a polyolefin epoxide with a borane or a precursor thereof in a borane-co-ordinating solvent to form an intermediate borane ester, and (b) subjecting the intermediate borane ester so formed in (a) to an alkaline oxidative hydrolysis to form the polyolefin diol. 1,3-diols of polyolefins, especially those of atactic polypropylene and poly(iso)butene, having a --C(CH.sub.3).dbd.CH.sub.2 end group are novel compounds. These diols can be converted into useful products such as e.g. the corresponding carboxylic acids, diamines or hydroxy-amines, or polyethers which are useful as such or as intermediates for producing lube oil and fuel additives.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for functionalising synthetic hydrocarbyl polymers having at least one olefinic group by (i) reacting at elevated temperature the synthetic hydrocarbyl polymer with an alkyne compound substituted with at least one electron withdrawing --C(O)R or a --CN group so that the olefinic group in the polymer reacts with the alkyne group of the alkyne compound to form an intermediate and (ii) reacting the intermediate from step (i) above with a nucleophile to form a functionalised hydrocarbyl polymer. The functionalised polymers are useful as additives for lubricating oils and fuels.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel pure hydrocarbyl succinylating agents, substantially pure derivatives thereof, to a method of preparation of pure substituted succinylating agents and their derivatives, and to the use of thereof as additives for fuels and lubricants. The hydrocarbyl substituted succinylating agents are pure because the real and apparent mole ratios of the succinyl groups to the hydrocarbyl groups in such agents are substantially the same. These are produced by reacting an olefin polymer such as poly(iso)butylene with maleic anhydride to form a hydrocarbyl substitued succinylating agent which is then cleaned by solvent extraction to remove any impurities therein before use in further reactions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for making substituted acylating agents by the reaction of an enophile containing at least one carboxyl group with a polyolefin selected from polypropylene and poly(iso)butene. To the reaction mixture is added an at least (a)one olefin of the formula (R)(R.sup.1).C.dbd.C.(R.sup.2)(R.sup.3) wherein at least one of R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is hydrogen and at least one of the other three is (i) an alkyl group having at least 3 carbon atoms or (ii) at least one of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together with R.sup.1 forms a cycloaliphatic ring such that the olefin has at least 5 carbon atoms in a linear hydrocarbyl chain, or, (b) one adduct of said olefin of formula (I) with the reactant enophile. The products of the reaction have a substantially reduced amount of resin.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing substituted acylating agents by the reaction of an enophile with an ene by the thermal route wherein (a) the molar ratio of the enophile to the ene is at least 3:1 and (b) the reaction pressure is raised to above 20 psig an least after addition of the enophile reaction to the reaction is completed and is maintained substantially constant until at least 80% of the ene reactant has been converted to the corresponding acylating agent. The agents so produced are substantially free of chlorine and can be further reacted with an amine or a hydroxy compound to form a derivative which can be used as an additive for a lubricating oil or a fuel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a crosslinked polymer, wherein a crosslinking reaction is carried out between an organic crosslinking agent which is a polyacid or a derivative of a polyacid, and a long chain alkylpolyamine having at least two amine functional groups which may be primary and/or secondary and which is not a succinimide. The long chain alkylpolyamine can be obtained by a method comprising reacting a corresponding long chain alkylcarbonyl compound with an amine. The long chain carbonyl compound is for example prepared by ozonolysis of a polyolefin which can be a polybutene. The obtained crosslinked polymer can be used as an additive in lubricant compositions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing long chain alkyl amines from polyolefins by reacting (a) a polyolefin having a molecular weight in the range of 330-2000 with ozone in the presence of a solvent, (b) reacting the ozonolysis product from (a) without separation and/or isolation of the carbonyl compounds formed therein with primary hydrocarbyl amines to form an imine, (c) hydrogenating the imine from step (b) to an amine in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, and (d) recovering the long chain alkyl amine from the hydrogenation products formed in step (c). The amines so produced are useful gasoline and lube oil additives.

Abstract: Process for producing active carbonyl compounds predominating in aldehyde groups which comprises epoxidizing in the liquid phase polybutenes having at least 50 percent of the unsaturation in the terminal position, with a peroxygen or peroxygen-forming compound and isomerizing the epoxide so formed to obtain the corresponding carbonyl compounds.