Abstract: In many embodiments of the invention, a space-based data center includes orbital server modules configured to be deployed in space, each module including a communication subsystem for module-to-module communications to form a data center, tiles arranged in a planar array, where each tile has a layered structure including solar cells forming a layer across a first surface, thermal radiator panels forming a layer across a second surface, electronic components distributed laterally in a layer between the layer of solar cells and the layer of thermal radiator panels, where each electronic component receives power locally from solar cells and rejects heat to the thermal radiator panel beneath it, where a first subset of tiles are compute tiles in which the electronic components include one or more computing processors and memory, and where a second subset of tiles are support tiles in which the electronics components include network switches and energy storage.

Abstract: In many embodiments of the invention, a space-based data center includes orbital server modules configured to be deployed in space, each module including a communication subsystem for module-to-module communications to form a data center, tiles arranged in a planar array, where each tile has a layered structure including solar cells forming a layer across a first surface, thermal radiator panels forming a layer across a second surface, electronic components distributed laterally in a layer between the layer of solar cells and the layer of thermal radiator panels, where each electronic component receives power locally from solar cells and rejects heat to the thermal radiator panel beneath it, where a first subset of tiles are compute tiles in which the electronic components include one or more computing processors and memory, and where a second subset of tiles are support tiles in which the electronics components include network switches and energy storage.

Abstract: In many embodiments of the invention, a space-based data center includes orbital server modules configured to be deployed in space, each module including a communication subsystem for module-to-module communications to form a data center, tiles arranged in a planar array, where each tile has a layered structure including solar cells forming a layer across a first surface, thermal radiator panels forming a layer across a second surface, electronic components distributed laterally in a layer between the layer of solar cells and the layer of thermal radiator panels, where each electronic component receives power locally from solar cells and rejects heat to the thermal radiator panel beneath it, where a first subset of tiles are compute tiles in which the electronic components include one or more computing processors and memory, and where a second subset of tiles are support tiles in which the electronics components include network switches and energy storage.

Abstract: A Hall thruster is configured to reduce or eliminate pole erosion by electrically tying the cathode to the thruster chassis body. The electrical connection controls the ion energy hence reducing erosion at the pole. In a different configuration, the cathode is biased by a power supply, allowing further control of the ion energy and the elimination of pole erosion, thus increasing the thruster's operational lifetime.

Abstract: A Hall thruster is configured to reduce or eliminate pole erosion by electrically tying the cathode to the thruster chassis body. The electrical connection controls the ion energy hence reducing erosion at the pole. In a different configuration, the cathode is biased by a power supply, allowing further control of the ion energy and the elimination of pole erosion, thus increasing the thruster's operational lifetime.

Abstract: Apparatus for an ion engine comprises a three-grid accelerator system with the decelerator grid biased negative of the beam plasma. This arrangement substantially reduces the charge-exchange ion current reaching the accelerator grid at high tank pressures, which minimizes erosion of the accelerator grid due to charge-exchange ion sputtering, known to be the major accelerator grid wear mechanism. An improved method for life testing ion engines is also provided using the disclosed apparatus. In addition, the invention can also be applied in materials processing.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for large-area, high-power ion engines comprise dividing a single engine into a combination of smaller discharge chambers (or segments) configured to operate as a single large-area engine. This segmented ion thruster (SIT) approach enables the development of 100-kW class argon ion engines for operation at a specific impulse of 10,000 s. A combination of six 30-cm diameter ion chambers operating as a single engine can process over 100 kW. Such a segmented ion engine can be operated from a single power processor unit.

Abstract: An isolator is provided which has an inlet at ground electrical potential which receives gas, and which has an outlet at a high electrical potential through which gas is discharged, the isolator being compactly and simply constructed while providing a long narrow path that minimizes the possibility of electrical breakdown through the gas. The isolator includes a first element forming a cylindrical core and a cup-shaped second element forming a sleeve portion that closely receives the core. The core has a helical groove on its outside to form a passage between the groove and the inner walls of the sleeve. The core also has a vertical hole extending to the bottom of the core and a radial groove in the bottom of the core that extends between the hole and the bottom of the helical groove.