Abstract: An improved mass analyzer is set forth. In accordance with one embodiment, the mass analyzer employs a unique mass filter design that comprises an ion selection chamber in which ions are selected for detection based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/Q) by subjecting them to a non-rotating, oscillating electric field that, ignoring any fringing effects, oscillates principally in a single coordinate plane (i.e., the y-z plane). The ions may be injected into the ion selection chamber at a significant angle with respect to the inlet of the chamber and in the single coordinate plane to raise the m/Q resolution to the desired level. In accordance with a further embodiment of the mass analyzer, an ion detection surface is arranged at the outlet of the ion selection chamber so that ions falling within a predetermined exit angle range are detected to the general exclusion of ions having other exit angles.

Abstract: An improved mass analyzer is set forth. In accordance with one embodiment, the mass analyzer employs a unique mass filter design that comprises an ion selection chamber in which ions are selected for detection based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/Q) by subjecting them to a non-rotating, oscillating electric field that, ignoring any fringing effects, oscillates principally in a single coordinate plane (i.e., the y-z plane). The ions may be injected into the ion selection chamber at a significant angle with respect to the inlet of the chamber and in the single coordinate plane to raise the m/Q resolution to the desired level. In accordance with a further embodiment of the mass analyzer, an ion detection surface is arranged at the outlet of the ion selection chamber so that ions falling within a predetermined exit angle range are detected to the general exclusion of ions having other exit angles.

Abstract: A technique and circuit for measuring direct current flowing through a conductor at a high voltage employs a capacitor connected in series with the conductor, and a neon lamp connected in parallel with the capacitor. The series connected capacitor and conductor are connected to a high voltage source such that the current flowing through the series connected capacitor and conductor charges up the capacitor. Since the capacitor and the neon lamp are connected in parallel, the voltage across the electrodes of the neon lamp follows the voltage across the capacitor. When the voltage across the electrodes of the neon lamp reaches the lamp's ignition voltage, the neon lamp fires, and discharges the capacitor until the voltage across the electrodes of the neon lamp falls to the lamp's extinction voltage. The light signal generated by the neon lamp is picked up by a fiber optic cable and transmitted to a remote receiver for processing.

Abstract: A electrophoretic system in which nonconductive members are strategically positioned in the electrolyte tank to selectively affect the electric field of electrodes so as to obtain a desired electric field for efficient separation. The size, shape and location of the nonconductive members are selected using a electric potential analysis.

Abstract: A digital electronic wristwatch is provided with an alarm which includes a piezoelectric crystal mounted to vibrate a watch element. The piezoelectric crystal is supplied with a pair of signals, each having a peak voltage equal to that of the battery, but one of these signals is inverted, resulting in a peak-to-peak voltage which is higher than that normally available from the batteries located within the wristwatch housing. Such driving substantially increases the sound output of the crystal due to the effective voltage increase. A unique spring contact arrangement is used to connect the piezoelectric crystal to the watch electronics, and to permit easy removal of the piezoelectric crystal for battery replacement or watch repair. In addition, a flexible mounting arrangement increases the sound output from the alarm while providing water and dust protection for the watch.