Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are disclosed for incorporating a plurality of independently rotating rotors made from high-strength materials with a high-temperature superconductive (HTS) bearing technology into an open-core flywheel architecture to achieve a desired high energy density in the flywheel energy storage devices and to obtain superior results and performance.

Abstract: Device and methods associated with underwater pumped-hydro energy storage are disclosed. An underwater pumped-hydro energy storage device includes a submersible tank that includes an inlet and an outlet. A pump is disposed at the outlet of the submersible tank to evacuate water from the submersible tank in a surrounding body of water. A valve is disposed at the inlet of the at least one submersible tank to control a flow of the water into the submersible tank from the surrounding body of water. Moreover, a turbine power unit is to generate output electrical power from the flow water into the submersible tank.

Abstract: A device includes a rotor and a stator with coils arranged to form a phase element. The phase element includes a first coil group including a first coil and a second coil and a second coil group including a third coil and a fourth coil, where the rotor is positioned between the first coil group and the second coil group. The device also includes one or more switches that enable reconfiguration of the phase element by switching an electrical configuration of the coils. In a first mode, the coils are arranged with the first coil in a first coil path and the second coil in a second coil path that is coupled in parallel with the first coil path. The coils are arranged such that a voltage generated across the first coil path is substantially equal to a voltage generated across the second coil path.

Abstract: A ferromagnetic latching support system for positioning a surface is disclosed. The latching support system includes a mechanical support and a ferromagnetic device.

Abstract: A braking system for a high speed, high load rotor operating in a vacuum and suspended by a magnetic field such as in a flywheel energy storage device includes a pair of calipers disposed on opposed sides of the rotor for actuating a pair of annular friction discs into engagement with opposed sides of the rotor. Each caliper includes a mounting ring on its outer edge and an inner shallow annular groove in which it disposed one of the friction discs. A circulating fluid under pressure is directed into each annular groove for urging each friction disc into engagement with one of the opposed surfaces of the rotor for safely bringing the rotor to a stop such as in an emergency. The circulating fluid removes the heat generated by the braking action, while the controlled pressure applied by the discs also controls the position of the rotor when static such as during initialization.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods provide for a high specific power electro-dynamo device that utilizes high-temperature superconductors, a dysprosium core, and superconducting coils to provide power. According to various embodiments, a rotor includes a number of rotor arms with a high-temperature superconductor attached to each arm. A stator includes a number of stator arms with stator coils wrapped around each arm. The stator coils may include superconducting wires for providing a charge to the high-temperature superconductors and non-superconducting wires for inducing a voltage from the trapped flux provided by the superconductors during operation in generator mode. The dysprosium core maximizes the magnetic flux saturated by the core while providing additional safety measures during operation. A backup power wheel or permanent magnets positioned in series with the high-temperature superconductors may provide emergency power at non-cryogenic temperatures.

Abstract: An apparatus for bearing a tool against a workpiece includes: (a) a pneumatically driven motor unit rotating a drive shaft substantially about a longitudinal drive axis; (b) a process shaft coupled with the drive shaft for rotating the tool substantially about a longitudinal process axis; (c) a flywheel coupled with one shaft of the drive shaft and the process shaft; and (d) at least one urging unit coupled with at least one of the motor unit and the process shaft. The urging unit moves the tool with respect to the workpiece. The flywheel and the one shaft impart inertial rotational energy to the tool after the pneumatic motor achieves a predetermined rotational speed.

Abstract: Methods and systems provide pulsed-power to a load utilizing high temperature superconductors (HTS) within multiple pulsed-power devices. According to embodiments described herein, each pulsed-power device includes a HTS mounted on a rotor and an armature coil mounted on a stator. The rotor is positioned to allow a magnetic field within the HTS to induce a voltage in the armature coil when the rotor is rotating and to allow a magnetic field created by passing current through the armature coil to charge the HTS. Current created from the operation of a first pulsed-power device is routed to the armature coil in a second pulsed-power device to charge the associated HTS to a higher value. Subsequently, the second pulsed-power device is operated to produce current that is used to further charge the HTS in the first pulsed-power device. This bootstrapping procedure is repeated until all HTSs are fully charged.

Abstract: Magnetic fiber structures include a fiber and a plurality of permanent magnet particles carried by the fiber.

Abstract: A ferromagnetic latching support system for positioning a surface is disclosed. The latching support system includes a mechanical support and a ferromagnetic device.

Abstract: A one step method and system for producing nanofluids by a nanoparticle-source evaporation and deposition of the evaporant into a base fluid. The base fluid such oil or ethylene glycol is placed in a rotating cylindrical drum having an adjustable heater-boat-evaporator and heat exchanger-cooler apparatus. As the drum rotates, a thin liquid layer is formed on the inside surface of the drum. An insulated heater-boat-evaporator having an evaporant material (nanoparticle-source) placed within its boat evaporator is adjustably positioned near a portion of the rotating thin liquid layer, the evaporant material being heated thereby evaporating a portion of the evaporant material and forming nanoparticles, the nanoparticles absorbed by the liquid film to form nanofluid.

Abstract: A one step method and system for producing nanofluids by a particle-source evaporation and deposition of the evaporant into a base fluid. The base fluid such (i.e. ethylene glycol) is placed in a rotating cylindrical drum having an adjustable heater-boat-evaporator and heat exchanger-cooler apparatus. As the drum rotates, a thin liquid layer is formed on the inside surface of the drum. A heater-boat-evaporator having an evaporant material (particle-source) placed within its boat evaporator is adjustably positioned near a portion of the rotating thin liquid layer, the evaporant material being heated thereby evaporating a portion of the evaporant material, the evaporated material absorbed by the liquid film to form nanofluid.

Abstract: Methods and systems provide pulsed-power to a load utilizing high temperature superconductors (HTS) within multiple pulsed-power devices. According to embodiments described herein, each pulsed-power device includes a HTS mounted on a rotor and an armature coil mounted on a stator. The rotor is positioned to allow a magnetic field within the HTS to induce a voltage in the armature coil when the rotor is rotating and to allow a magnetic field created by passing current through the armature coil to charge the HTS. Current created from the operation of a first pulsed-power device is routed to the armature coil in a second pulsed-power device to charge the associated HTS to a higher value. Subsequently, the second pulsed-power device is operated to produce current that is used to further charge the HTS in the first pulsed-power device. This bootstrapping procedure is repeated until all HTSs are fully charged.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods provide for a high specific power electro-dynamo device that utilizes high-temperature superconductors, a dysprosium core, and superconducting coils to provide power. According to various embodiments, a rotor includes a number of rotor arms with a high-temperature superconductor attached to each arm. A stator includes a number of stator arms with stator coils wrapped around each arm. The stator coils may include superconducting wires for providing a charge to the high-temperature superconductors and non-superconducting wires for inducing a voltage from the trapped flux provided by the superconductors during operation in generator mode. The dysprosium core maximizes the magnetic flux saturated by the core while providing additional safety measures during operation. A backup power wheel or permanent magnets positioned in series with the high-temperature superconductors may provide emergency power at non-cryogenic temperatures.

Abstract: An apparatus for bearing a tool against a workpiece includes: (a) a pneumatically driven motor unit rotating a drive shaft substantially about a longitudinal drive axis; (b) a process shaft coupled with the drive shaft for rotating the tool substantially about a longitudinal process axis; (c) a flywheel coupled with one shaft of the drive shaft and the process shaft; and (d) at least one urging unit coupled with at least one of the motor unit and the process shaft. The urging unit moves the tool with respect to the workpiece. The flywheel and the one shaft impart inertial rotational energy to the tool after the pneumatic motor achieves a predetermined rotational speed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for improved damping in high-temperature superconducting levitation systems are disclosed. A superconducting element (e.g., a stator) generating a magnetic field and a magnet (e.g. a rotor) supported by the magnetic field are provided such that the superconducting element is supported relative to a ground state with damped motion substantially perpendicular to the support of the magnetic field on the magnet. Applying this, a cryostat housing the superconducting bearing may be coupled to the ground state with high damping but low radial stiffness, such that its resonant frequency is less than that of the superconducting bearing. The damping of the cryostat may be substantially transferred to the levitated magnetic rotor, thus, providing damping without affecting the rotational loss, as can be derived applying coupled harmonic oscillator theory in rotor dynamics. Thus, damping can be provided to a levitated object, without substantially affecting the rotational loss.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses to provide improved auxiliary damping for superconducting bearings in superconducting levitation systems are disclosed. In a superconducting bearing, a cryostat housing the superconductors is connected to a ground state with a combination of a damping strip of material, a set of linkage arms to provide vertical support, and spring washers to provide stiffness. Alternately, the superconducting bearing may be supported by a cryostat connected to a ground state by posts constructed from a mesh of fibers, with the damping and stiffness controlled by the fiber composition, size, and mesh geometry.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses to provide improved auxiliary damping for superconducting bearings in superconducting levitation systems are disclosed. In a superconducting bearing, a cryostat housing the superconductors is connected to a ground state with a combination of a damping strip of material, a set of linkage arms to provide vertical support, and spring washers to provide stiffness. Alternately, the superconducting bearing may be supported by a cryostat connected to a ground state by posts constructed from a mesh of fibers, with the damping and stiffness controlled by the fiber composition, size, and mesh geometry.

Abstract: A braking system for a high speed, high load rotor operating in a vacuum and suspended by a magnetic field such as in a flywheel energy storage device includes a pair of calipers disposed on opposed sides of the rotor for actuating a pair of annular friction discs into engagement with opposed sides of the rotor. Each caliper includes a mounting ring on its outer edge and an inner shallow annular groove in which it disposed one of the friction discs. A circulating fluid under pressure is directed into each annular groove for urging each friction disc into engagement with one of the opposed surfaces of the rotor for safely bringing the rotor to a stop such as in an emergency. The circulating fluid removes the heat generated by the braking action, while the controlled pressure applied by the discs also controls the position of the rotor when static such as during initialization.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for improved damping in high-temperature superconducting levitation systems are disclosed. A superconducting element (e.g., a stator) generating a magnetic field and a magnet (e.g. a rotor) supported by the magnetic field are provided such that the superconducting element is supported relative to a ground state with damped motion substantially perpendicular to the support of the magnetic field on the magnet. Applying this, a cryostat housing the superconducting bearing may be coupled to the ground state with high damping but low radial stiffness, such that its resonant frequency is less than that of the superconducting bearing. The damping of the cryostat may be substantially transferred to the levitated magnetic rotor, thus, providing damping without affecting the rotational loss, as can be derived applying coupled harmonic oscillator theory in rotor dynamics. Thus, damping can be provided to a levitated object, without substantially affecting the rotational loss.