Abstract: An electrically heated resistance element disposed on axis within a gold coated reflector, which collects the radiated infrared energy from the resistance element and shapes it to a desired beam, provides a shaped high intensity source of infrared radiation which is modulated by a rotating modulator positioned in front of the reflector.

Abstract: A modulated infrared source is disclosed in which spatial modulation is accomplished by the rotation of beam forming optics about an infrared source in which a portion of the energy in the beam produced includes energy coming directly from the IR source without being reflected. Close to 100% of the energy from the infrared source is focused by rotating parabolically shaped elements, such that energy losses due to the modulation technique are minimized. The speed of the rotation of the reflective optics is minimized while maintaining sufficiently high modulation frequencies by the provision of four beams from a single source.

Abstract: A modulated infrared source is disclosed in which spatial-on-spatial modulation is accomplished by the rotation of two sets of beam forming optics about an infrared source. Close to 100% of the energy from the infrared source is focused by rotating two sets of parabolically shaped mirrors about the IR source such that energy losses due toe modulation technique are minimized. The speed of the rotation of the reflective optics is minimized while maintaining sufficiently high modulation frequencies the initial provision of four beams from a single source. This is accomplished by the first set of beam forming optics. Moreover, the effects of unwanted reflection are minimized by the four beam configuration. The four beams are then themselves modulated by the second set of beam forming optics.

Abstract: An infrared countermeasures system is provided by ganging a plurality of modulators each of which modulates the output of a radiant source to generate at least one collimated beam of radiation. The modulators are so disposed with respect to each other that the beams generated the reby are staggered in angular phase. When the modulators are rotated together they will provide at a point in space remote therefrom a signal comprising a burst of pulses followed by a dead time when no signal is present.

Abstract: A resistive heater comprising an emitter, including a hot zone center section and lower temperature end sections, disposed within a protective tube with the emitter and protective tube being mounted within end caps with a spring mechanism provided to allow for the difference in expansion and contraction of the emitter and protective tube during heating and cooling.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for making small gas-filled beads by locating a heat deformable tube on top of a heated platen in a controlled atmosphere chamber, with a multiple, spaced knife-edge structure located on top of the tube. When the temperature of a tube is raised to its softening temperature, gravity forces the knife edges through the tube, sealing the tube into separated compartments or ampuls with gas in the interior of each compartment. The articles are cooled below the softening temperature of the tube, are separated into ampuls and then the ampuls are reheated above the softening temperature to the working temperature of the tube in a sphere forming cycle under conditions of carefully maintained temperature and pressure such that the surface tension of the glass coupled with the gas within the ampul causes the ampul to take on the shape of a sphere with uniformly thick walls and size, dependent on the temperature and pressure conditions during the reheating cycle.