Abstract: This invention discloses the phenomenon of physically sequestering organic soluble material by lamellar envelopment. It is to be distinguished from microdroplets of water insoluble drugs coated with a phospholipid prepared by sonication. Actual reduction to practice in a commercial effort has been with insect repellent. Hence, the disclosure will refer essentially to the dispersing of DEET.

Abstract: The first part explains the discovery, and means to employ the discovery that whole, intact vesicles and liposomes are not the sole means of burden (drug) delivery by targeting molecules. The second part teaches the discovery of reverse loading of vesicles and liposomes to obtain fully functional core volume load of a useful burden without the trauma degradation of the active burden material, and with greatly extended shelf life.

Abstract: A known procedure is used to prepare vesicles consisting of bipolar lipid membranes which are permeable and hence "leak" their contents at a rate which is variable by choice.The vesicle is supplied with medication or diagnostic material and then attached to a target molecule conjugate that has affinity for the hydroxyapatite of bone.Thus, the vesicle clings to the skeleton structure and bathes the surrounding support surface with its contents for extended hours.

Abstract: Mucin coated Sepharose is used as a laboratory model to measure the affinity of a postulated lipid composition in liposome configuration for binding to mucin. The preferred lipid composition provides a first lipid moiety which projects a postive charged ion. A second lipid moiety enhances the positive charge by neutralizing all intermediate negative charges of the first lipid. The result is a liposome with strong postive charge areas which will bind to mucin.

Abstract: Peripherally administered insulin fails to provide liver hormone function. Hepatocyte directed vesicles with encapsulated insulin will restore liver function, but there is no non-targeted insulin to bypass the liver for peripheral use, as in natural, healthy body function.Whenever a prescribed dosage of insulin is divided between free and encapsulated hepatocyte targeted forms, a very small fraction of the dose in encapsulated form is sufficient to elicit full liver function, and non-targeted insulin supplies the needs of the body muscle and tissue.

Abstract: A known procedure is used to prepare liposomes of bipolar lipid membrane which are permeable and hence "leak" their contents at a rate which is variable by choice. The liposome is supplied with medication or cosmetic material for the oral cavity, or specifically for the teeth and gums. The liposome is then attached to a molecule that has affinity for the hydroxyapatite. Thus, the liposome will bind to oral cavity hydroxyapatite and bathe the surrounding support surface with its contents for extended hours of service.

Abstract: This disclosure recognizes the fact that the technology of making vesicles from lecithin and lecithin-like molecules, although well known and highly developed, is associated with problems of instability. It is known that vesicles coalesce, rupture and spill their contents long before the vesicle is used for its intended purpose.It has been discovered and disclosed herein that the deterioration of the vesicle delivery system is due in part to the rupture of the bipolar lipid vesicle membrane by the contents of the core volume or by an external agent. For example, the more detergent-like the properties of the pharmacological agent within the vesicle core volume, the more pronounced will be the attack on the vesicle wall interior. These events in turn will lead to vesicle membrane rupture.

Abstract: A method of prophylactics with respect to detoxification of Staphylococcus aureus and other toxins by ascorbic acid, salts and esters, topically applied by means of carriers which are otherwise regularly employed in the area where Staphylococcus aureus or other bacteria colonize, such as a pharmacological appliance including gauze pads, an absorbant mass or pad associated with menses, douches, and contraceptive compositions.

Abstract: This disclosure teaches a method of inactivating bacterial toxins, such as produced by Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli (hereinafter V. cholerae and E. coli) that are responsible for diarrhea in warm-blooded animals, comprising the placing of an effective dosage of ascorbic acid salts thereof, or derivatives such as the ester ascorbyl palmitate in the intestinal tract.Definition: Ascorbic acid, salts thereof, and derivatives thereof such as ascorbyl palmetate have been identified as suitable detoxifying material according to this invention. For the sake brevity, the term "ascorbic acid" hereinafter shall include the salts and esters.Diarrhea as used herein will include other toxins effecting the lower duodenum and intestines.

Abstract: A targeted drug delivery system which has specificity for hepatobiliary receptors, which are the specialized metabolic cells of the liver. Hereinafter, this will be referred to as a Hepatocyte Directed Vesicle, or abbreviated as HDV. This preferred directed delivery system utilizes a bipolar lipid for the majority of its vesicle membrane structure.The targeting material, which is only a minor constituent of a targeted vesicle system, has a specificity for hepatobiliary receptors of the liver. The Hepatocyte Directed Vesicle is then attracted to the receptor, and the vesicle releases its pharmacological cargo.This disclosure specifies that the attachment of the targeting material, or molecule, to the vesicle is preferably done by first providing a connector molecule, having a portion inserted into the wall of the vesicle, by reason of being lipophilic, and a portion which is hydrophilic and is projected from the vesicle wall.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of prophylaxis with respect to Toxic Shock Syndrome in warm blooded animals, comprising the placing of a propylactically effective dosage of ascorbic acid in the vagina or in the area of the vagina.

Abstract: A biochemical membrane covered with sialic residues thereby provides a coating that masks the surface membrane from recognition and removal by the scavenging RES cells of the body.