Abstract: The invention allows an invited recipient to enter a security-protected system such as a website without traditional authentication by providing the security-protected system with a pre-arranged host-initiated authentication on behalf of the recipient. An invite message advises the recipient of the invited action, which may be as simple as entering the system or performing a task within the system. The recipient accepts the invitation by affirmatively responding to the invite message which includes the unique code to identify the recipient. Upon receipt of the affirmative response with the unique code from the recipient, the system platform executes algorithms which assess the risk of completing the action with the invited recipient, and if appropriate, provides the authentication to the security-protected system which will allow the recipient to take the invited action without providing additional authentication, such as a password.

Abstract: An efficient cooling mechanism for a multi-chip carrier can be provided while conserving board surface area. Flexible circuitized material is used to form multi-chip carriers with air baffle capability. The flex is folded or curved into the desired shape and held in position with a support structure. Bonding sites for chips are located on regions through the carrier. Shapes which provide air baffle capabilities include coils, spring-like coils and serpentines.

Abstract: Electrically conductive lamina are attached by an electrically insulating, thermally conductive adhesive and/or solder to one or more semiconductor devices such as chips and extend beyond the periphery of the chip or chips to form heat sink fins. Electrical connections may be made between such chips through holes (e.g. by a wire or plated through hole) in the electrically conductive lamina lined with an insulating material such as the electrically insulating adhesive to provide a structurally robust assembly. Surface pads and connections may overlie patterns of insulator on the lamina. A further lamina can be wrapped around lateral sides of the assembly to provide further heat sink area and mechanical protection for other heat sink fins. A graphite/carbon fiber composite matrix material is preferred for the lamina and the coefficient of thermal expansion of such materials may be matched to that of the semiconductor material attached thereto.

Abstract: An efficient cooling mechanism for a multi-chip carrier can be provided while conserving board surface area. Flexible circuitized material is used to form multi-chip carriers with air baffle capability. The flex is folded or curved into the desired shape and held in position with a support structure. Bonding sites for chips are located on regions through the carrier. Shapes which provide air baffle capabilities include coils, spring-like coils and serpentines.

Abstract: A multi-chip carrier which uses less lateral mounting space on the surface of a circuit board or card can be formed using flexible circuitized material. Lateral space is compressed by utilizing more vertical space to package chips and components. The problem of cooling multiple chips in a tight space may be accomplished by integrating the heat sink in with the circuit carrier and having the heat sink double as a support structure. A flex material is folded or shaped. Different regions of the flex are used for mounting chips, mounting support mechanisms, or mounting the structure on a carrier or substrate.

Abstract: Apparatus for the selective removal of the solder and a connector soldered in the through hole of a circuit panel including means for heating the solder and a pair of aligned tubes placed against opposite surfaces of the panel surrounding the connecting through hole with the tubes being supplied with fluid under pressure so as to produce a pressure differential across the solder column in the through hole and effective to urge the connector and solder from the through hole into the low pressure tube when the solder is melted.