Abstract: A high surface area electrode formed from filler particles having a high surface to volume ratio in a binder able to support the conduction of ions. The binder may be a hydrophilic polymer and hydrogel able to swell to incorporate a solvent and its dissolved ionic material while retaining its mechanical strength. The swelling may be regulated by control of the degree of cross-linking of the binder material.

Abstract: Compact leak-proof electrolytic capacitors including, between the anode and the cathode, an ultrathin layer of a solid electrolyte, are disclosed. The solid electrolyte comprises a solid solution of (a) an alkali metal salt, a transition metal salt, an ammonium salt, an organic ammonium salt, a zinc salt, a cadmium salt, a mercury salt or a thallium salt of (b) a monbasic, dibasic or tribasic acid other than a haloid acid (c) in a polymer of high solvation power. Preferred salts are the tetrafluoroborates and hexafluoroglutarates of sodium and potassium, and the preferred polymer is a blend of polyethylene oxide with a siloxane-alkylene oxide copolymer. Crosslinking of the polymer is accomplished by using an agent which may be a di -, tri, or polyisocyanate, a multifunctional reagent which is an analogy of the compound to be crosslinked or di - and multifunctional acids, or di - and multifunctional amines. Methods of making such capacitors are also disclosed.

Abstract: Compact leak-proof electrolytic capacitors including, between the anode and the cathode, an ultrathin layer of a solid electrolyte, are disclosed. The solid electrolyte comprises a solid solution of (a) an alkali metal salt, a transition metal salt, an ammonium salt, an organic ammonium salt, a zinc salt, a cadmium salt, a mercury salt or a thallium salt of (b) a monbasic, dibasic or tribasic acid other than a haloid acid (c) in a polymer of high solvation power. Preferred salts are the tetrafluoroborates and hexafluoroglutarates of sodium and potassium, and the preferred polymer is a blend of polyethylene oxide with a siloxane-alkylene oxide copolymer. Crosslinking of the polymer is accomplished by using an agent which may be a di -, tri, or polyisocyanate, a multifunctional reagent which is an analogue of the compound to be crosslinked or di - and multifunctional acids, or di - and multifunctional amines. Methods of making such capacitors are also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrolyte for use in a capacitor or a battery comprising a solution of (a) at least one salt selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts, transiton metal salts, ammonium and ammonium derivatives salts, zinc salts, cadmium salts, mercury salts, lead salts, bismuth salts and thallium salts of (b) at least one acid selected from the group consisting of monobasic, dibasic and tribasic acids (c) in an aprotic solvent substantially free of protic impurities. The acid may be selected from the group consisting of perchloric acid, tetraflouboric acid, thiocyanic acid, trifluoromethanesulphonic acid and haloid acids. The salts may be selected from the group consisting of partial esters of at least one of boric, sulphuric and phosphoric acid reacted with compounds containing an alcohol group or may be an alkali metal tetrafluroborate. The capacitor is stable and has improved linearity, working voltage, capacitance per unit area, shelf life size, leakage current, and internal series resistance.

Abstract: Compact leak-proof electrolytic capacitors including, between the anode and the cathode, an ultrathin layer of a solid electrolyte, are disclosed. The solid electrolyte comprises a solid solution of (a) an alkali metal salt, a transition metal salt or an ammonium salt of (b) a monobasic, dibasic or tribasic acid other than a haloid acid (c) in a polymer of high solvation power. Preferred salts are the tetrafluoroborates and hexafluoroglutarates of sodium and potassium, and the preferred polymer is a blend of polyethylene oxide with a siloxane-alkylene oxide copolymer. Methods of making such capacitors are also disclosed. Rolled solid electrolyte capacitors of this type are characterized by low volume, absence of electrolyte leakage, and minimum dielectric deformation, and are capable of delivering intense bursts of current on demand, thereby being suitable for use in biomedical electronic devices such as cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators implanted in the human body.