Abstract: A memory device includes a memory material portion, and an ovonic threshold switch selector element. The ovonic threshold switch selector element includes a first carbon-containing electrode comprising carbon and a metal, a second carbon-containing electrode comprising the carbon and the metal, and an ovonic threshold switch material portion located between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: Energy conversion systems that may employ control grid electrodes, acceleration grid electrodes, inductive elements, multi-stage anodes, and emissive carbon coatings on the cathode and anode are described. These and other characteristics may allow for advantageous thermal energy to electrical energy conversion.

Abstract: A memory device includes a memory material portion, and an ovonic threshold switch selector element. The ovonic threshold switch selector element includes a first carbon-containing electrode comprising carbon and a metal, a second carbon-containing electrode comprising the carbon and the metal, and an ovonic threshold switch material portion located between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: A memory cell includes an ovonic threshold switch (OTS) selector containing a first electrode, a second electrode, an OTS located between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a current focusing layer containing discrete electrically conductive current focusing regions having a width of 30 nm or less located between the first electrode and the OTS, and a memory device located in electrical series with the OTS selector.

Abstract: A phase change memory cell includes a first electrode, a second electrode located over the first electrode, a vertical pillar structure located between the first and second electrodes, the pillar structure containing a first phase change memory (PCM) material portion, a second PCM material portion and an intermediate electrode located between the first PCM material portion and the second PCM material portion, and a resistive liner containing a first segment electrically connected in parallel to the first PCM material portion between the first electrode and the intermediate electrode, and a second segment electrically connected in parallel to the second PCM material portion between the intermediate electrode and the second electrode. The first PCM material portion has a different electrical resistance than the second PCM material portion, and the first segment of the resistive liner has a different electrical resistance than the second segment of the resistive liner.

Abstract: Energy conversion systems that may employ control grid electrodes, acceleration grid electrodes, inductive elements, multi-stage anodes, and emissive carbon coatings on the cathode and anode are described. These and other characteristics may allow for advantageous thermal energy to electrical energy conversion.

Abstract: A phase change memory cell includes a first electrode, a second electrode located over the first electrode, a vertical pillar structure located between the first and second electrodes, the pillar structure containing a first phase change memory (PCM) material portion, a second PCM material portion and an intermediate electrode located between the first PCM material portion and the second PCM material portion, and a resistive liner containing a first segment electrically connected in parallel to the first PCM material portion between the first electrode and the intermediate electrode, and a second segment electrically connected in parallel to the second PCM material portion between the intermediate electrode and the second electrode. The first PCM material portion has a different electrical resistance than the second PCM material portion, and the first segment of the resistive liner has a different electrical resistance than the second segment of the resistive liner.

Abstract: Energy conversion systems that may employ control grid electrodes, acceleration grid electrodes, inductive elements, multi-stage anodes, and emissive carbon coatings on the cathode and anode are described. These and other characteristics may allow for advantageous thermal energy to electrical energy conversion.

Abstract: Energy conversion systems that may employ control grid electrodes, acceleration grid electrodes, inductive elements, multi-stage anodes, and emissive carbon coatings on the cathode and anode are described. These and other characteristics may allow for advantageous thermal energy to electrical energy conversion.

Abstract: Energy conversion systems that may employ control grid electrodes, acceleration grid electrodes, inductive elements, multi-stage anodes, and emissive carbon coatings on the cathode and anode are described. These and other characteristics may allow for advantageous thermal energy to electrical energy conversion.

Abstract: Energy conversion systems that may employ control grid electrodes, acceleration grid electrodes, inductive elements, multi-stage anodes, and emissive carbon coatings on the cathode and anode are described. These and other characteristics may allow for advantageous thermal energy to electrical energy conversion.

Abstract: Energy storage and conversion systems are, formed when tightly integrated components including thermochemical storage subsystem with a concentration cell to provide very high capacity and high energy density systems. Systems taught here include the unique combination of a thermochemical energy storage module in close thermal communication with a direct energy converter in the form of a concentration cell. A closed-loop thermochemical module receives heat input at a receiving port to drive a reversible chemical reaction. The end-to-end system achieves an ‘on-demand’ functionality because the reagents of said chemical reaction may be safely stored for long periods of time without detrimental effect. When these reagents are again reunited, they produce heat that may be transmitted to the direct energy converter arranged to convert so received heat directly into an electric output suitable for doing work on an external system.

Abstract: In a system that utilizes a stored value or gift card (SVGC), additional value is linked to the SVGC. This additional value may provide an added incentive for purchasing the SVGC. The additional value may be a product or service, for example. The additional value may be linked to certain actions associated with the SVGC. For example, a customer may be given access to the additional value upon activation of the SVGC, upon the purchase of a particular product, upon the purchase of a product from a particular group of products, upon using the SVGC to purchase during a particular time period, upon adding value to the SVGC, etc.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods provide remote access to subscriber identity information and subscriber configuration information stored on one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs), to allow remote configuration of wireless communications devices. A SIM server provides access to the SIMs, a SIM librarian catalogs the SIMs, and a SIM accounting system tracks and/bills for SIM usage. Apparatus and methods provide remote access to proxy wireless communications devices, allowing such devices to operate as if actually present in the remote locations.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods provide remote access to subscriber identity information and subscriber configuration information stored on one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs), to allow remote configuration of wireless communications devices. A SIM server provides access to the SIMs, a SIM librarian catalogs the SIMs, and a SIM accounting system tracks and/bills for SIM usage. Apparatus and methods provide remote access to proxy wireless communications devices, allowing such devices to operate as if actually present in the remote locations.