Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated alcohols which comprise reacting one or more substituted or unsubstituted alkadienes with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a metal-ligand complex catalyst and a promoter and optionally free ligand to produce said one or more substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated alcohols. The substituted and unsubstituted unsaturated alcohols produced by the processes of this invention can undergo further reaction(s) to afford desired derivatives thereof. This invention also relates in part to reaction mixtures containing one or more substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated alcohols as principal product(s) of reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for producing substituted or unsubstituted alkenols. The process subjects an alkadiene to reductive hydroformylation to selectively produce at least one substituted or unsubstituted alkenols. The process is particularly useful in producing pentenols from butadiene. This invention also relates in part to reaction mixtures containing one or more substituted or unsubstituted alkenols as principal reaction products.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof which comprise subjecting one or more substituted or unsubstituted penten-1-ols to carbonylation in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst, e.g., a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, to produce said one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof. The substituted and unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof produced by the processes of this invention can undergo further reaction(s) to afford desired derivatives thereof, e.g., epsilon caprolactam. This invention also relates in part to reaction mixtures containing one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof as principal product(s) of reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for separating one or more organophosphorus ligand degradation products, one or more reaction byproducts and one or more products from a continuously generated reaction product fluid comprising one or more unreacted reactants, a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, optionally free organophosphorus ligand, said one or more organophosphorus ligand degradation products, said one or more reaction byproducts, said one or more products, one or more polar solvents and one or more nonpolar solvents by phase separation wherein (i) the selectivity of the polar phase for the organophosphorus ligand with respect to the one or more products is expressed by a partition coefficient ratio Ef1 which is a value greater than about 2.5, (ii) the selectivity of the polar phase for the organophosphorus ligand with respect to the one or more organophosphorus ligand degradation products is expressed by a partition coefficient ratio Ef2 which is a value greater than about 2.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for separating one or more organophosphorus ligand degradation products, one or more reaction byproducts and one or more products from a continuously generated reaction product fluid comprising one or more unreacted reactants, a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, optionally free organophosphorus ligand, said one or more organophosphorus ligand degradation products, said one or more reaction byproducts, said one or more products, one or more nonpolar solvents and one or more polar solvents by phase separation wherein (i) the selectivity of the nonpolar phase for the organophosphorus ligand with respect to the one or more products is expressed by a partition coefficient ratio Ef1which is a value greater than about 2.5, (ii) the selectivity of the nonpolar phase for the organophosphorus ligand with respect to the one or more organophosphorus ligand degradation products is expressed by a partition coefficient ratio Ef2 which is a value greater than about 2.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof which comprise subjecting one or more substituted or unsubstituted penten-1-ols to carbonylation in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst, e.g., a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, to produce said one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof. The substituted and unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof produced by the processes of this invention can undergo further reaction(s) to afford desired derivatives thereof, e.g., epsilon caprolactam. This invention also relates in part to reaction mixtures containing one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof as principal product(s) of reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for separating one or more products from a reaction product fluid comprising a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, optionally free organophosphorus ligand, said one or more products, one or more nonpolar reaction solvents and one or more polar reaction solvents, wherein said process comprises (1) subjecting said reaction product fluid to fractional countercurrent extraction with at least two immiscible extraction solvents, said at least two immiscible extraction solvents comprising at least one nonpolar extraction solvent and at least one polar extraction solvent, to obtain a nonpolar phase comprising said metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, said optionally free organophosphorus ligand, said one or more nonpolar reaction solvents and said at least one nonpolar extraction solvent and a polar phase comprising said one or more products, said one or more polar reaction solvents and said at least one polar extraction solvent, and (2) recovering said polar

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for separating one or more products from a reaction product fluid comprising a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, optionally free organophosphorus ligand, said one or more products, one or more polar reaction solvents and one or more nonpolar reaction solvents, wherein said process comprises (1) subjecting said reaction product fluid to fractional countercurrent extraction with at least two immiscible extraction solvents, said at least two immiscible extraction solvents comprising at least one polar extraction solvent and at least one nonpolar extraction solvent, to obtain a polar phase comprising said metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, said optionally free organophosphorus ligand, said one or more polar reaction solvents and said at least one polar extraction solvent and a nonpolar phase comprising said one or more products, said one or more nonpolar reaction solvents and said at least one nonpolar extraction solvent, and (2) recovering said nonpo

Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated alcohols which comprise reacting one or more substituted or unsubstituted alkadienes with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a metal-ligand complex catalyst and a promoter and optionally free ligand to produce said one or more substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated alcohols. The substituted and unsubstituted unsaturated alcohols produced by the processes of this invention can undergo further reaction(s) to afford desired derivatives thereof. This invention also relates in part to reaction mixtures containing one or more substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated alcohols as principal product(s) of reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted 1,6-hexanediols which comprise subjecting one or more substituted or unsubstituted penten-1-ols to reductive hydroformylation in the presence of a reductive hydroformylation catalyst, e.g., a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, to produce said one or more substituted or unsubstituted 1,6-hexanediols. The substituted and unsubstituted 1,6-hexanediols produced by the processes of this invention can undergo further reaction(s) to afford desired derivatives thereof, e.g., epsilon caprolactone. This invention also relates in part to reaction mixtures containing one or more substituted or unsubstituted 1,6-hexanediols as principal product(s) of reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof which comprise subjecting one or more substituted or unsubstituted penten-1-ols to carbonylation in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst, e.g., a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, to produce said one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof. The substituted and unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof produced by the processes of this invention can undergo further reaction(s) to afford desired derivatives thereof, e.g., epsilon caprolactam. This invention also relates in part to reaction mixtures containing one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof as principal product(s) of reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted 1,6-hexanediols, e.g., 1,6-hexanediol, which comprise subjecting one or more substituted or unsubstituted alkadienes to hydrocarbonylation in the presence of a hydrocarbonylation catalyst, e.g., a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, and a promoter and optionally free ligand to produce said one or more substituted or unsubstituted 1,6-hexanediols. The substituted and unsubstituted 1,6-hexanediols produced by the processes of this invention can undergo further reaction(s) to afford desired derivatives thereof, e.g., epsilon caprolactone. This invention also relates in part to reaction mixtures containing one or more substituted or unsubstituted 1,6-hexanediols as principal product(s) of reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted saturated alcohols which comprise reacting one or more substituted or unsubstituted alkadienes with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a metal-ligand complex catalyst and a promoter and optionally free ligand to produce said one or more substituted or unsubstituted saturated alcohols. The substituted and unsubstituted saturated alcohols produced by the processes of this invention can undergo further reaction(s) to afford desired derivatives thereof. This invention also relates in part to reaction mixtures containing one or more substituted or unsubstituted saturated alcohols as principal product(s) of reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactams, e.g., epsilon caprolactam, which comprises: (a) subjecting one or more substituted or unsubstituted alkadienes to hydroxycarbonylation in the presence of a hydroxycarbonylation catalyst, e.g., a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, and neutralization with a base to produce one or more substituted or unsubstituted pentenoic acid salts; (b) subjecting said one or more substituted or unsubstituted pentenoic acid salts to hydroformylation in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst, e.g.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition comprising (a) epsilon caprolactam and (b) one or more of 5-?4,5-di(3-carboxypropyl)-2-pyridyl!pentanoic acid or salt or amide, 4-?4,5-di(2-carboxypropyl)-2-pyridyl!-2-methylbutanoic acid or salt or amide, 2-?2-(2-carboxybutyl)-5-(1-carboxypropyl)-4-pyridyl!butanoic acid or salt or amide, 5-?3,5-di(3-carboxypropyl)-2-pyridyl!pentanoic acid or salt or amide, 4-?3,5-di(2-carboxypropyl)-2-pyridyl!-2-methylbutanoic acid or salt or amide, 2-?-2-(2-carboxybutyl)-5-(1-carboxypropyl)-3-pyridyl!butanoic acid or salt or amide, 5-amino-4-methylpentanamide, 4-amino-3-ethylbutanamide, 5-?4,5-di(4-hydroxybutyl)-2-pyridyl!pentanol, 4-?4,5-di(2-methoxypropyl)-2-pyridyl!-2-methylbutanol, 2-?2-(2-methoxybutyl)-5-(1-methoxypropyl)-4-pyridyl!butanol, 5-?3,5-di(4-hydroxybutyl)-2-pyridyl!pentanol, 4-?3,5-di(2-methoxypropyl)-2-pyridyl!-2-methylbutanol, 2-?2-(2-methoxybutyl)-5-(1-methoxypropyl)-3-pyridyl!butanol, 5-amino-4-methyl-1-pentanol, 5-imino-2-methyl-1-pentanamine, 5-amino-2-methyl-1-p

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for separating one or more phosphorus acidic compounds from a reaction product fluid containing said one or more phosphorus acidic compounds, a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst and optionally free organophosphorus ligand which process comprises (a) treating said reaction product fluid with water sufficient to remove at least some amount of said one or more phosphorus acidic compounds from said reaction product fluid and (b) treating the water which contains phosphorus acidic compounds removed from said reaction product fluid with an acid removal substance sufficient to remove at least some amount of said one or more phosphorus acidic compounds from said water.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for selectively producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted 1,6-hexanedials, e.g., adipaldehyde, which comprise: (a) subjecting one or more substituted or unsubstituted alkadienes, e.g., butadiene, or a mixture comprising one or more substituted or unsubstituted alkadienes to hydroformylation in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst, e.g., a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, and at an alkadiene partial pressure and/or a carbon monoxide partial pressure sufficient to selectively produce one or more substituted or unsubstituted pentenals or a reaction mixture comprising one or more substituted or unsubstituted pentenals; and (b) subjecting said one or more substituted or unsubstituted pentenals or said reaction mixture comprising one or more substituted or unsubstituted pentenals to hydroformylation in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst, e.g.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for separating one or more phosphorus acidic compounds from a reaction product fluid containing said one or more phosphorus acidic compounds, a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst and optionally free organophosphorus ligand which process comprises (a) treating said reaction product fluid with water sufficient to remove at least some amount of said one or more phosphorus acidic compounds from said reaction product fluid and (b) treating the water which contains phosphorus acidic compounds removed from said reaction product fluid with an ion exchange resin sufficient to remove at least some amount of said one or more phosphorus acidic compounds from said water.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for separating one or more phosphorus acidic compounds from a reaction product fluid containing said one or more phosphorus acidic compounds, a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst and optionally free organophosphorus ligand which process comprises treating said reaction product fluid with water sufficient to remove at least some amount of said one or more phosphorus acidic compounds from said reaction product fluid.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde acid salts, e.g., epsilon caprolactam, which comprises subjecting said one or more substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated acid salts, e.g., pentenoic acid salts, to hydroformylation in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst, e.g., a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, to produce one or more substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde acid salts and/or one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactam precursors. This invention also relates in part to reaction mixtures containing one or more substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde acid salts as the principal product(s) of reaction.