Abstract: A direct hydrogen peroxide fuel cell for stable and efficient production of electric current by direct reduction of hydrogen peroxide via a cathode comprising a metal phthalocyanine electrocatalyst, coupled with oxidation of fuel by means of ion transfer across an ion-conducting polymer electrolyte, is provided. In addition, a hydrogen peroxide concentration meter is provided, which may be utilized, for example, for measuring the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in solutions that may contain strong electrolytes or in automated systems such as those to be used with the present fuel cell.

Abstract: A direct hydrogen peroxide fuel cell for stable and efficient production of electric current by direct reduction of hydrogen peroxide via a cathode comprising a metal phthalocyanine electrocatalyst, coupled with oxidation of fuel by means of ion transfer across an ion-conducting polymer electrolyte, is provided. In addition, a hydrogen peroxide concentration meter is provided, which may be utilized, for example, for measuring the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in solutions that may contain strong electrolytes or in automated systems such as those to be used with the present fuel cell.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high energy solid propellant containing an oxidizer, binder and fuel, wherein the fuel and/or the propellant as a whole is encapsulated or microencapsulated so as prevent premature reaction while still maintaining the energetic properties thereof. The oxidizer is preferably ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate or ammonium dinitramide. The binder is preferably polymeric hydrocarbons or polymers. The fuel is preferably lithium hexahydridoborane or lithium hexahydridoalane.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid hypergolic propellant. In particular, a liquid hypergolic propellant is provided, containing reactive metals and/or reactive metal salts, and one or more liquid fuels, which is hypergolic when combined with an oxidizer. In addition, a sensitizer and gelling agent may be added. The reactive metals and/or reactive metal salts are defined by Formula I as follows: AxMyHz ??I. wherein A is one or more of any of Li, Na, and K; M is one or more of any of B, C, and Al; H is H; x is 0-3, y is 0 or greater, and z is 0 or greater, and wherein when x is 0, y is 1, and when y is 0, x is 1. The fuels are defined by the following Formula II as follows: CxHyOzNv ??II. wherein x is 0-8, y is 1-18, z is 0-4, and v is 0-5, and wherein when x is 0, v is 1 or greater.

Abstract: A direct hydrogen peroxide/proton-donating-fuel fuel cell for production of electric current by reduction of hydrogen peroxide coupled with oxidation of fuel by means of ion transfer across an ion-conducting polymer electrolyte is provided. In addition, a hydrogen peroxide concentration meter is provided, which may be utilized, for example, for measuring the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in solutions that may contain strong electrolytes or in automated systems such as those to be used with the present fuel cell.