Abstract: Simultaneous illumination along each of multiple axis for panoramic viewing of a macroscopically-sized specimen along a single viewing axis is realized by dichroic mirrors. Selective control of illumination intensity and/or color(s) of, permissively, each of multiple illuminating lights along multiple illumination axis of the specimen as are induced to fluoresce at corresponding different colors and intensities will all appear clearly visible, and well balanced, in a composite image nonetheless to intrinsically being of greatly differing brightness. Color and intensity calibration of the well-balanced composite image in all its colors and regions may optionally be realized by one or more fluorescent image calibration step wedges. A rule, or grid, scale may be imposed upon the image.

Abstract: Simultaneous illumination along each of multiple axis for panoramic viewing of a macroscopically-sized specimen such as a mouse along a single viewing axis is realized by dichroic mirrors. Selective control of illumination intensity and/or color(s) of, permissively, each of multiple illuminating lights along each of multiple illumination axis permits that different regions and phenomena, such as tumors, of the specimen as are induced to fluoresce at corresponding different colors and intensities will all appear clearly visible, and well balanced, in a composite image nonetheless to intrinsically being of greatly differing brightness. Color and intensity calibration of the well-balanced composite image in all its colors and all its regions may optionally be realized by one or more fluorescent image calibration step wedges. A rule, or grid, scale may be imposed upon the image by use of one or more masks.

Abstract: In one embodiment a macroscopically-sized specimen is illuminated with radiations of selectable multiple intensities and frequencies for viewing along a single viewing axis. A stage supports specimen to be observed. First and second illumination sources provide respective first and second radiations at predetermined different colors, permissively of different intensities. A special “bifurcated” fiber optic cable receives the first radiation into a first one of two radiation-receiving, or input, ends, and the second radiation into a second one of two radiation-receiving, or input, ends, so as to produce at each of at least two radiation-emitting, or output, ends an illuminating beam in which the first and the second radiations are mixed. The intensities and colors of both radiations are controllable.

Abstract: Both intensity(ies) and color(s) of fluorescent emissions appearing within a well-balanced multi-color fluorescent composite image, normally made simultaneously along each of multiple axis of a macroscopic specimen such as a mouse, are calibrated. The image is so calibrated in all its multiple intensity-adjusted fluorescent colors as may variously appear in any and all of the image's regions by one or more planar elements each having different regions variably fluorescing at predetermined intensities and, optionally also, at multiple different colors. The resulting panoramic composite image of a fluorescing, and multiply-fluorescing, specimen in which image these calibration elements also appear contains a great deal of calibration information, optionally showing scales in any of dimension, overall brightness, color temperature and/or the separate emission intensities of, permissively, each of several separate differently-colored fluorescent lights.

Abstract: In the method of this invention, dispensed volume is calculated from the ratio of the absorbance values for a sample delivered by a precisely calibrated pipette and the sample dispensed by an automated pipette. This links a gravimetric method of calibration to a colorimetric method.