Abstract: A device for treating fractures of a bone comprises a plurality of arms, each extending from a proximal end to a distal end and movable in a three-dimensional space, the proximal end of each arm coupled to a frame and a plurality of couplings, each of the couplings coupled to a distal end of each of the plurality of arms, the coupling lockingly receiving a bone fixation element secured to a corresponding bone fragment such that each of the arms is coupled to a corresponding fragment of the bone in combination with a mechanical unit moving each of the arms relative to the frame and a controller receiving data corresponding to a desired final position of the fragments relative to one another and controlling the mechanical unit to move the arms relative to one another to achieve the desired final position of the bone fragments relative to one another.

Abstract: A device for treating fractures of a bone comprises a plurality of arms, each extending from a proximal end to a distal end and movable in a three-dimensional space, the proximal end of each arm coupled to a frame and a plurality of couplings, each of the couplings coupled to a distal end of each of the plurality of arms, the coupling lockingly receiving a bone fixation element secured to a corresponding bone fragment such that each of the arms is coupled to a corresponding fragment of the bone in combination with a mechanical unit moving each of the arms relative to the frame and a controller receiving data corresponding to a desired final position of the fragments relative to one another and controlling the mechanical unit to move the arms relative to one another to achieve the desired final position of the bone fragments relative to one another.

Abstract: A device for treating fractures of a bone comprises a plurality of arms, each extending from a proximal end to a distal end and movable in a three-dimensional space, the proximal end of each arm coupled to a frame and a plurality of couplings, each of the couplings coupled to a distal end of each of the plurality of arms, the coupling lockingly receiving a bone fixation element secured to a corresponding bone fragment such that each of the arms is coupled to a corresponding fragment of the bone in combination with a mechanical unit moving each of the arms relative to the frame and a controller receiving data corresponding to a desired final position of the fragments relative to one another and controlling the mechanical unit to move the arms relative to one another to achieve the desired final position of the bone fragments relative to one another.

Abstract: A capacitive sensor includes one or more chambers through which a material can flow. Two conductors are located to partially surround the flow chamber so that the material flows between the conductors. Where more than one chamber is used, additional conductors are provided. A measurement circuit connected to the conductors provides an output corresponding to a difference between test and reference frequencies. A display indicates the measured capacitance as a continuous-scale, proportional representation or a binary representation. The sensor system can measure volume charge density of a fluid or parameters responsive to changes in volume charge density, such as flow velocity.

Abstract: A capacitive sensor is shielded against external electric fields to maximize measurement accuracy. The sensor may include two coaxial, tubular conductors with a chamber between them into which a material sample to be measured is introduced. A measurement circuit connected to the sensor may include a reference oscillator that oscillates at a constant frequency and a test oscillator that oscillates at a frequency responsive to sensor capacitance. The circuit may display a value responsive to the difference between the test and reference frequencies. The circuit may also reverse the polarity of the signal applied to the sensor to minimize charge buildup, a phase-locked loop frequency measuring circuit, a temperature compensating circuit, and a non-linearity compensating circuit. The indicating circuit that displays a representation of the measured capacitance may display a continuous-scale or proportional representation or may display a binary or “go-nogo” representation.

Abstract: A capacitive sensor includes a tubular outer conductor, a tubular inner conductor coaxial with the outer conductor, and an electrically insulated chamber between the inner and outer conductors. The material sample to be measured is introduced into the chamber. The sensor is shielded against electric fields to maximize measurement accuracy. The shielding completely encloses the chamber during operation and may include a removable cap, a valve, or a screen made of a conductive material. A measurement circuit connected to the sensor includes a reference oscillator that oscillates at a constant frequency and a test oscillator that oscillates at a frequency determined by the sensor capacitance. A circuit displays a value representing the sensor capacitance in response to the frequency difference between the test oscillator frequency and the reference oscillator frequency.