Abstract: A nanostructured article includes a substrate; a plurality of first nanostructures disposed on, and extending away from, the substrate; and a covalently crosslinked fluorinated polymeric layer disposed on the plurality of first nanostructures. The plurality of first nanostructures includes polyurethane. The polymeric layer at least partially fills spaces between the first nanostructures to an average minimum height above the substrate of at least 30 nm such that the polymeric layer has a nanostructured surface defined by, and facing away from, the plurality of first nanostructures.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for the preparation of substituted heterocycle fused gamma-carbolines, such as the compound of Formula 2J, as shown below, intermediates useful in producing them and methods for producing such intermediates and such heterocycle fused gamma-carbolines, and as further defined herein.

Abstract: A nanostructured article includes a substrate; a plurality of first nanostructures disposed on, and extending away from, the substrate; and a covalently crosslinked fluorinated polymeric layer disposed on the plurality of first nanostructures. The plurality of first nanostructures includes polyurethane. The polymeric layer at least partially fills spaces between the first nanostructures to an average minimum height above the substrate of at least 30 nm such that the polymeric layer has a nanostructured surface defined by, and facing away from, the plurality of first nanostructures.

Abstract: A system and method distribute licenses for copyrighted material separate from the copyrighted material itself. A producer or “vendor” of copyrighted material registers the material with a License Provider. The License Provider returns an encryption code for the producer to attach to the materials which are in digital form. The vendor distributes that material to one or more users who purchase a license from the License Provider. The license includes an encryption key to decrypt the file containing the materials. The system and method incorporate security measures to prevent unlicensed use and distribution of the materials.

Abstract: A system for treating a fluid comprising a treatment chamber; a light source for emitting light, such that at least a portion of the light travels within the treatment chamber; and a treatment area within the treatment chamber; wherein a flow profile of the fluid in the treatment area matches the fluence profile of the light that travels within the treatment area. An apparatus for providing a substantially uniform light treatment of a flowing fluid by providing a light source or sources and establishing (or controlling) the flow such that the combination of light intensity and flow velocity provides substantially uniform treatment (i.e. the faster moving fluid streams are treated at higher intensity and the slower moving fluid streams are treated at lower intensity).

Abstract: The BIOS device (108) or some other secure store of a portable computer (PC 100) or other valuable device stores a password-based security program (302), an encrypted password (306), and an encryption key (304). When the PC is booted, the security program executes first and prompts the user for a password, encrypts it with the stored key, and compares it with the stored password. If the passwords do not match, boot is aborted and the PC is disabled. Only if the passwords do match is boot continued and use of the PC enabled. If this security measure is advertised, theft of the PC is deterred because of the difficulty of accessing or bypassing the password and the security program in the BIOS device. The encrypted password is also registered with a remote trusted certificate authority (TCA 150) or is stored on a local external storage device (250). To establish or change the password, a communication connection is established from the PC to the TCA or storage device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for precisely monitoring and collecting data relating to the light treatment of a product in a treatment system. In one implementation, a method for use with a treatment system using light comprises the steps of: illuminating a product with a light treatment comprising light having a spectrum of wavelengths within a range of 170 to 2600 nm, the light treatment for treating the product; and measuring a fluence of a portion of the light treatment for each of a plurality of wavelengths of the spectrum of wavelengths simultaneously. In preferred implementations, the light treatment is a pulsed light treatment and the product is a biological fluid product flowed through a treatment chamber. Furthermore, in preferred implementations, the light treatment is for the deactivation of microorganisms, such as viruses, bacteria, fungus, and other pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms.

Abstract: A fluid treatment system consists of a light source for providing light and a flexible treatment chamber having an input port and an output port, at least a portion of the flexible treatment chamber positioned to receive the light. The at least the portion of the flexible treatment chamber is transmissive to at least 1% of the light having at least one wavelength within a range of 170 to 2600 nm and the flexible treatment chamber is adapted to allow a fluid to be treated to be flowed via the input port therethrough at a specified rate and out the output port. The light source illuminates the fluid as it flows through the flexible treatment chamber in order to deactivate pathogens within the fluid. In some embodiments, the light source is a pulsed light source for emitting short duration, pulses of polychromatic light.

Abstract: A fluid treatment system, and methods of use, the system includes a sealed fluid flow path including a treatment chamber portion and containing a fluid to be passed therethrough and treated with light. The treatment zone is transmissive to at least 1% of the light having at least one wavelength within a range of 170 to 2600 nm. In some variations, the sealed fluid flow path is removable from a light treatment system. In some variations, the flow path includes a first fluid container portion for containing the fluid to be treated and coupled to the treatment chamber portion and a second fluid container portion coupled to an output of the treatment chamber portion. The fluid flow path is designed to be disposable and easily replaceable.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for precisely controlling a light treatment of a treatment system for treating a product. In one implementation, a method for use with a fluid treatment system using light comprises the steps of: estimating a particular velocity of moving particles within a fluid flowing through a treatment chamber of the fluid treatment system using pulses of light as a light treatment, the fluid flowing at a mass flow velocity, the treatment chamber and the fluid being transmissive to at least 1% of light having at least one wavelength within a range of 170 to 2600 nm; and setting a flash rate of the pulses of light based on the particular velocity in order to optimize the light treatment. Furthermore, in preferred implementations, the light treatment is for the deactivation of microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungus and other pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms.

Abstract: A system and method distribute licenses for copyrighted material separate from the copyrighted material itself. A producer or “vendor” of copyrighted material registers the material with a License Provider. The License Provider returns an encryption code for the producer to attach to the materials which are in digital form. The vendor distributes that material to one or more users who purchase a license from the License Provider. The license includes an encryption key to decrypt the file containing the materials. The system and method incorporate security measures to prevent unlicensed use and distribution of the materials.

Abstract: A method and apparatus simulate measuring a part by loading measurement software and a software model of the part into a computer and processing the model through a virtual measurement instrument to produce inputs to the measurement software. By using the method and apparatus, a measurement program can be developed for a part without needing a physical instance of the part or a real measurement system.

Abstract: A system and method provide digital tokens for use in e-commerce. The tokens are transferable and can be purchased for another person to spend. Such tokens are of particular use in a system and method to distribute licenses for copyrighted material separate from the copyrighted material itself.

Abstract: A cassette for controlling fluid flow from a source to a sink, for example, a patient. The cassette comprises a housing, and a passive inlet valve for hydraulically controlling pressurized fluid flow from the inlet valve to a central chamber, and an actuatable outlet valve. The central chamber provides a fluid pathway between the inlet and outlet valves. The cassette further comprises a piston assembly for exerting pressure in the central chamber. The piston assembly comprises a movable member, a covering for the moveable member; and a flexible interface between the member and the housing for providing near frictionless movement between the member and the housing.

Abstract: A self priming tubing set for infusing a medical solution from an infusion device to a patient includes a supply tube, an air/particle filter, and a restrictor tube. The air/particle filter is adapted to remove air, particularly air contained in the supply tube at the initiation of fluid flow. The air/particle filter also removes particles from the medical solution. The restrictor tube is adapted to reduce the pressure of the medical solution from the delivery pressure of the infusion device to about a mean venous pressure of the patient. The length and inside diameter of the restrictor tube are calibrated to achieve a desired pressure drop dependent on design criteria of the system. The tubing set also includes a slide clamp for closing fluid flow from the supply tube and a connector for connection to a patient interface such as a hypodermic needle or cannula.

Abstract: A wireless-access communications system, such as a CDMA cellular radio-telephone system (FIG. 2), comprises a packet-switched communications network (202, 207, 201) that interconnects cells (base stations; 202) with each other and with the public telephone network (100). Traffic of individual calls is packetized, and packet-bearing frames (300 in FIG. 7) of a plurality of calls are then statistically multiplexed and frame-relayed through the network to yield the high capacity, efficiency, and speed of traffic transport and handoff required for a CDMA cellular system. At each call processing unit (264 in FIG. 5), individual calls are handled by individual service circuits (602 & 612) which perform speech-processing functions such as coding and decoding, tone insertion, and echo cancellation, and packet-to-circuit-switched-PCM traffic conversion.

Abstract: A self priming tubing set for infusing a medical solution from an infusion device to a patient includes a supply tube, an air/particle filter, and a restrictor tube. The air/particle filter is adapted to remove air, particularly air contained in the supply tube at the initiation of fluid flow. The air/particle filter also removes particles from the medical solution. The restrictor tube is adapted to reduce the pressure of the medical solution from the delivery pressure of the infusion device to about a mean venous pressure of the patient. The length and inside diameter of the restrictor tube are calibrated to achieve a desired pressure drop dependent on design criteria of the system. The tubing set also includes a slide clamp for closing fluid flow from the supply tube and a connector for connection to a patient interface such as a hypodermic needle or cannula.

Abstract: A CDMA cellular radio-telephone system (FIG. 2) comprises a packet-switched communications network (202, 207, 201) that interconnects cells (base stations; 202) with each other and with the public telephone network (100). A unique combination of a static addressing plan that uses a different LAPD DLCI (302 in FIG. 7) for each unidirectional virtual call path, direct cell (202)-to-cell and cell-to-call-processing unit (264 in FIG. 5) control information exchanges, and packet-switching techniques that permit call traffic and control communications to share call paths and permit different call paths to share physical resources, is applied to call processing. This enables soft handoffs (FIGS. 27-29) to be handled in a manner transparent to the parties to the call and without significant involvement of system control elements (134 and 261 in FIG. 2) whose involvement would adversely impact the system's call-handling capacity.

Abstract: A wireless-access communications system, such as a CDMA cellular radio-telephone system (FIG. 2), comprises a packet-switched communications network (202, 207, 201) that interconnects cells (base stations; 202) with each other and with the public telephone network (100). Traffic of individual calls is packetized, and packet-bearing frames (300 in FIG. 7) of a plurality of calls are then statistically multiplexed and frame-relayed through the network to yield the high capacity, efficiency, and speed of traffic transport and handoff required for a CDMA cellular system. At each call processing unit (264 in FIG. 5), individual calls are handled by individual service circuits (602 and 612) which perform speech-processing functions such as coding and decoding, tone insertion, and echo cancellation, and packet-to-circuit-switched-PCM traffic conversion.

Abstract: A bubble detection system for use in a fluid delivery line leading to a patient for automatic delivery of a fluid. The system monitors a parameter indicative of compressibility of the fluid being delivered and compares that monitored parameter with a known value of the same parameter using a relatively incompressible fluid. If the fluid being delivered is more compressible by a predetermined amount, the system recognizes the existence of a bubble and stops the further movement of fluid toward the patient and reduces the pressure in the fluid delivery line upstream of the bubble to prevent the bubble from progressing further toward the patient. The parameter may include pressure in the fluid delivery line, force required to deliver the fluid or motor current in the event an electric motor is used in delivering the fluid.