Abstract: In a paper or board machine drying line after the wire section, during dewatering a web's (W) width is affected in a direction crosswise to the web's traveling direction. Starting from an edge, at least one device (20A, 20B) brings about a force effect of a desired magnitude which is directed all the way to a desired arbitrary crosswise web position in order to modify web characteristics. A device in a paper or board machine line after the wire section has means for processing the web and for dewatering. The paper or board machine line after the wire section further has at least one device (20A; 20B) for directing a force effect at a desired partial area (WS) of the web (W) in the cross machine direction in order to modify the web's characteristics profile in the cross machine direction.

Abstract: A method and a system to control a reeling profile of a material web reel (30), when, in the forming of a material web reel (30), a web is reeled around a reeling core and when in an adjustment of CD-directional profiles of the web reel, profiling devices (8) have been applied. For adjusting quality profiles and reeling profiles of the web, profiling devices are managed with the help of profile measurings of the roller nip and/or of the profile measurings of the reel (30), which are obtained from the reel-up (2). A measuring device (40) for a measuring of a CD-directional hardness profile of the fiber web reel includes a measuring head (43), which is connected with a loading means (41, 42), which loads the measuring head against the fiber web reel. The motion course of the measuring head is linear.

Abstract: A method and a system to control a reeling profile of a material web reel (30), when, in the forming of a material web reel (30), a web is reeled around a reeling core and when in an adjustment of CD-directional profiles of the web reel, profiling devices (8) have been applied. For adjusting quality profiles and reeling profiles of the web, profiling devices are managed with the help of profile measurings of the roller nip and/or of the profile measurings of the reel (30), which are obtained from the reel-up (2). A measuring device (40) for a measuring of a CD-directional hardness profile of the fiber web reel includes a measuring head (43), which is connected with a loading means (41, 42), which loads the measuring head against the fiber web reel. The motion course of the measuring head is linear.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods for controlling the coating of a sample are disclosed. The exemplary system may have a manufacturing device for providing a sample with one or more sample characteristics associated with one or more coating characteristics. The exemplary system may have a sample sensor for determining the one or more sample characteristics and a manufacturing controller for controlling the manufacturing device and controlling the one or more characteristics of the sample provided by the manufacturing device based on the determined one or more sample characteristics. The exemplary system may also have a coating device for providing coating to the sample with the one or more coating characteristics; a coating sensor for determining the one or more coating characteristics; and a coating controller for controlling the coating device and controlling the one or more characteristics of the coating provided by the coating device based on the determined one or more coating characteristics.

Abstract: In a paper or board machine drying line after the wire section, dewatering web's (W) width is affected in a direction crosswise to the web's traveling direction. Starting from an edge, at least one device (20A, 20B) brings about a force effect of a desired magnitude which is directed all the way to a desired arbitrary crosswise web position in order to modify web characteristics. A device in a paper or board machine line after the wire section has means for processing the web and for dewatering. The paper or board machine line after the wire section further has at least one device (20A; 20B) for directing a force effect at a desired partial area (WS) of the web (W) in the cross machine direction in order to modify the web's characteristics profile in the cross machine direction.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for measuring the color of a sample are disclosed. The exemplary device may have one or more light emitting diodes for directing a beam of ultraviolet light onto the sample and may also have one or more light emitting diodes for directing a beam of visible light onto the sample. The exemplary device may have a component for controlling the timing and power of operation of each light emitting diode. The exemplary device may also have at least one light detector for receiving the beam of light reflected from or transmitted through the sample and measuring at least one wavelength band of the received light. The exemplary device may further have a measurement analyzer for determining the color of the sample based on the measured light. The color may be determined for a specified illuminator incorporating effects of fluorescence.

Abstract: An apparatus includes at least one scanner. Each scanner includes a plurality of sensors, and each sensor is capable of measuring one or more characteristics associated with a portion of a substrate. The substrate has printing produced by a printing system. The apparatus also includes a controller capable of receiving at least some of the measurements from the plurality of sensors and determining a quality of the printing on the substrate using the received measurements. The substrate could represent paper, and the printing system could represent an offset printing system. At least one of the sensors may be in a fixed position and/or at least one of the sensors may be movable over part of a surface of the substrate. The determined quality of the printing could involve density, dot area, dot gain, contour sharpness, doubling, mottling, ghosting, misregister of different colored inks, slur, or improper positioning of the printing.

Abstract: A method includes generating at least one first light beam and generating at least one second light beam and at least one third light beam using the at least one first light beam. The at least one first light beam has a plurality of first regions, the at least one second light beam has a plurality of second regions, and the at least one third light beam has a plurality of third regions. Each of the first, second, and third light beams has at least two regions that are spectrally different. The method also includes measuring a spectrum in each of a plurality of first wavelength bands for each of the second regions. The method further includes illuminating at least part of an object with the at least one third light beam to produce at least one fourth light beam. The at least one fourth light beam has a plurality of fourth regions, where at least two of the fourth regions are spectrally different.

Abstract: An image-based technique that measures the orientation of fibers in a moving web of nonwoven material includes the steps of: (a) illuminating essentially simultaneously at least four light spots on one side of the web with at least four plane-polarized incident substantially perpendicular light beams having different polarization characteristics, (b) measuring the dispersion of the excident light spots on the opposite side of the web along at least one linear section which is at a known angle relative to the plane of polarization of the corresponding plane-polarized incident light beam, wherein at least one such linear section lies substantially across the center of the transmitted excident light spot and extends substantially across the width of the transmitted excident light spot, (c) calculating variations in the dispersion of the transmitted excident light spot for the at least four plane-polarized light beams; and (d) estimating the fiber orientation from the variations.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for identifying mapping of a paper machine by means of a mapping test. The invention comprises forming a mapping model which takes the linear and non-linear shrinkage of a paper web into account. The mapping test result is analyzed to form a non-linear shrinkage profile and a linear mapping error from it. The linear error and the non-linear shrinkage profile thus obtained are used in the mapping model.

Abstract: An image-based measurement technique that directly measures the orientation of fibers in a moving web that comprises nonwoven material measures the orientation angles of the individual fibers so that a more robust estimate of the statistical distribution of fibers is obtained. The technique includes the steps of: (a) illuminating an area on at least one side of the web with radiation; (b) obtaining at least one digital image of the illuminated area; and (c) calculating the fiber orientation of the web by processing the at least one digital image with a gradient operator thereby analyzing the distribution of observed fiber orientation angles within the image. The gradient operator is preferably of a non-integer order between ? and ? and particularly between ¼ and ¾. The use of fractional-gradient operators yields more reliable results than when integer order gradients are employed.

Abstract: In a papermaking system having a headbox to dispense a jet of liquid and paper forming fibers, an improvement comprising at least one sensor arrangement for simultaneously or sequentially measuring in at least one location the jet velocity or jet flow correlation of the jet at plural known angles relative to the machine direction. The measured data is analyzed to generate a velocity vector profile or velocity direction profile of the jet, and hence to determine the profile of fiber orientation angles laid down in the sheet formed of the jet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for performing a measurement of a continuous sheet. At least one measurement of the sheet is performed by at least one sensor, an estimate of the sampling function of the sensor being available. The solution comprises means for performing deconvolution using at least one iteration of an algorithm which corresponds to the deconvolution, and the means are arranged to perform the deconvolution of the at least one measurement with the estimate of sampling function. The solution can be applied in a CD-measurement of a continuous sheet. The solution can also be applied in controlling production of a continuous sheet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a controller for controlling a process. The process output signal or the control output signal comprises a functional variable and the process output signal is defined for at least one moment of time. The controller performs a functional operation on the signal comprising the functional variable to preserve the functional information. The controller also forms a cost function of at least the signal comprising the functional variable with the preserved functional information and performs an optimization of the cost function in which the preserved functional information is included. Finally, based on the optimization of the cost function the controller forms at least one process input signal for at least two separate moments of time for controlling the process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus according to the method. A sample is illuminated by a band of optical radiation the illumination state of which is variable as a function of time. Reference measurements of the spectrum of the optical band illuminating the sample are made at least at three separate instants of time. A spectrum of a band of the optical radiation that has interacted with the sample is measured at the corresponding separate instants of time as the reference measurement, and the radiance transfer factor matrix of the sample is estimated from the set of reference measurements and the set of sample measurements.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for measuring properties of a paper web, whereby at least one property of the paper web is measured at least at two locations in the cross direction of the paper web simultaneously. Adjacent measuring devices are calibrated by traversing a reference sample in the cross direction such that the reference sample is impinged by the measuring beam from each of the measuring devices.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for identifying mapping of a paper machine by means of a mapping test. The invention comprises forming a mapping model which takes the linear and non-linear shrinkage of a paper web into account. The mapping test result is analyzed to form a non-linear shrinkage profile and a linear mapping error from it. The linear error and the non-linear shrinkage profile thus obtained are used in the mapping model.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for measuring properties of a moving web. Web properties are measured with a measuring apparatus where at least one sensor element is arranged to a rotating measuring roll. The measuring roll is in contact with the web to be measured, and the circumferential speed of the measuring roll is arranged to substantially equal the web speed, the web being substantially in non-slipping contact with the measuring roll for an arc of the rotation of the measuring roll.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for controlling a sheet-making process. In the solution, a sheet matching desired values is manufactured. A measuring unit measures the state of the process to produce one or more measurement value representing the state of the process. A comparator compares each measurement value with a corresponding desired value and, on the basis of the comparison, forms an error representing the difference between at least one measurement value and desired value. A control unit forms at least two control action candidates based on the error using at least two process models, of which at least one is a perturbed process model. A processing unit forms one control action from the control action candidates, with which control action the sheet-making process is controlled to produce a sheet matching the desired values.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for measuring properties of a paper web, whereby at least one property of the paper web is measured at least at two locations in the cross direction of the paper web simultaneously. Adjacent measuring devices are calibrated by traversing a reference sample in the cross direction such that the reference sample is impinged by the measuring beam from each of the measuring devices.