Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for reformatting or interleaving a WDM signal that includes a plurality of optical channels having a first bandwidth and a first channel spacing. The method begins by receiving the WDM signal and dividing it into first and second subsets of optical channels each having a second channel spacing. Next, the first subset of optical channels are divided into third and fourth subsets of optical channels each having a third channel spacing. In addition, the second subset of optical channels is divided into fifth and sixth subsets of optical channels each having a fourth channel spacing. The third and fifth subsets of optical channels are combined to generate a first output WDM signal, while the fourth and sixth subsets of optical channels are combined to generate a second output WDM signal.

Abstract: A system and method for real time process control, using a linearly swept tunable laser, which allows high speed in-situ monitoring and control of wavelength-specific properties of optical components. The invention comprises scanning an optical component with a high speed, high linearity tunable laser, and detecting optical output from the component during the scanning. Preferably, the invention also includes adjusting or controlling the optical properties of the component during scanning, according to detected optical output from the component. The invention is embodied in a process control system comprising a high speed, high linearity, tunable operatively coupled to an optical component which in turn is operatively coupled to an optical detector. A system control processor is operatively coupled to the tunable laser and detector. A processing control unit is associated with the optical component and is operatively coupled to the system control processor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for reformatting or interleaving a WDM signal that includes a plurality of optical channels having a first bandwidth and a first channel spacing. The method begins by receiving the WDM signal and dividing it into first and second subsets of optical channels each having a second channel spacing. Next, the first subset of optical channels are divided into third and fourth subsets of optical channels each having a third channel spacing. In addition, the second subset of optical channels is divided into fifth and sixth subsets of optical channels each having a fourth channel spacing. The third and fifth subsets of optical channels are combined to generate a first output WDM signal, while the fourth and sixth subsets of optical channels are combined to generate a second output WDM signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a peptide having the amino acid sequence of human galanin. The amino acid sequence of this peptide is: GWTLNSAGYLLGPHAVGNHRSFSDKNGLTS (SEQ ID NO: 1). The present invention further provides DNA clones encoding the peptide and to therapeutic uses of the peptide.

Abstract: The invention provides cDNA sequence and a genomic DNA sequence which encodes the human neuropeptide Y-Y1 receptor. These DNA sequences can be used to express the NPY-Y1 receptor in cells and can be sued to screen compounds for neuropeptide Y agonist and antagonist activity.

Abstract: Genes and DNA transfer vector for the expression of human prepororelaxin; subunits thereof, including genes and transfer vectors for expression of human profelaxin and the individual A, B and C peptide chains thereof; and equivalents of al such genes. Methods for synthesis of the peptides involving recombinant DNA techniques.

Abstract: Genes and DNA transfer vector for the expression of human preprorelaxin; subunits thereof, including genes and transfer vectors for expression of human prorelaxin and the individual A, B and C peptide chains thereof; and equivalents of all such genes. Methods for synthesis of the peptides involving recombinant DNA techniques.

Abstract: This invention provides useful promoters from the R. trifolii nifH gene for the construction of recombinant molecules to regulate foreign genes for expression under desired conditions. In particular, the promoters act to control expression of the foreign genes within root nodules formed by rhizobial bacterial strains in symbiotic combination with host plants.A rhizobium diagnostic segment (RDS) is also provided comprising a DNA segment found at more than one location in rhizobia, the RDS being species-specific, and detectable by DNA hybridization under stringent conditions. A recombinant plasmid comprising a RDS and a bacterial strain containing the plasmid are provided. Methods are provided for identifying species and strains of field isolates of Rhizobium, using RDS's. One RDS exemplified comprises 5' sequences from the R. trifolii nifH gene.

Abstract: Genes and DNA transfer vectors for the expression of human preprorelaxin; sub-units thereof, including genes and transfer vectors for expression of human prorelaxin and the individual A, B and C peptide chains thereof; and equivalents of all such genes. Method for synthesis of the peptides involving recombinant DNA techniques are provided.

Abstract: The nifH promoter regions of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Bradyrhizobium sp. (parasponia) have been sequenced and found to be significantly homologous. Recombinant DNA molecules comprising foreign genes under the control of such promoters are provided. Rhizobial species containing such recombinant constructions, either in plasmids or integrated into the genome, are provided. These are especially useful for expressing desired foreign genes within root nodules.

Abstract: The nifD promoter regions of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Bradyhizobium sp. (Parasponia) have been sequenced and found to be significantly homologous. Recombinant DNA molecules comprising foreign genes under the control of such promoters are provided. Rhizobial species containing such recombinant constructions, either in plasmids or integrated into the genome, are provided. These are especially useful for expressing desired foreign genes within root nodules.

Abstract: Genes and DNA transfer vectors for the expression of human preprorelaxin; sub-units thereof, including genes and transfer vectors for expression of human prorelaxin and the individual A, B and C peptide chains thereof; and equivalents of all such genes. Methods for synthesis of the peptides involving recombinant DNA techniques.

Abstract: A recombinant procaryotic microorganism containing the gene coding for insulin.

Abstract: DNA comprising the naturally occurring nucleotide sequence coding for amino acids 44-90 of .beta.-lipotropin and including the entire coding region for .beta.-endorphin with the exception of the C-terminal glutamine was modified, transferred to an expression transfer vector, and expressed as a fusion protein. The fusion protein was further modified in vitro to yield mature .beta.-endorphin. .beta.-endorphin was purified from a bacterial lysate. The structure and biological activity of the resulting product was proven by immunological assay, and by two independent assays designed to demonstrate biological activity.

Abstract: A microorganism containing a recombinant DNA transfer vector having the coding sequences for human chorionic somatomammotropin.

Abstract: Microorganism having a gene derived from a higher organism is produced by isolating cells from a higher organism containing messenger RNA, extracting the messenger RNA, synthesizing a double stranded cDNA using the messenger RNA as a template, inserting the cDNA into a plasmid and transforming a microorganism with the resultant recombinant plasmid.

Abstract: A method for purifying a DNA fragment of specific desired nucleotide sequence containing a restriction site, from a population of DNA molecules homogeneous in length by endonuclease cleavage and fractionation.

Abstract: Recombinant DNA transfer vectors containing codons for human somatomammotropin and for human growth hormone.

Abstract: DNA comprising the naturally occurring nucleotide sequence coding for amino acids 44-90 of .beta.-lipotropin and including the entire coding region for .beta.-endorphin with the exception of the C-terminal glutamine was modified, transferred to an expression transfer vector, and expressed as a fusion protein. The fusion protein was further modified in vitro to yield mature .beta.-endorphin. .beta.-endorphin was purified from a bacterial lysate. The structure and biological activity of the resulting product was proven by immunological assay, and by two independent assays designed to demonstrate biological activity.

Abstract: A technique suitable for cloning a cDNA having a base sequence coding for the ACTH/LPH precursor is disclosed. The invention is exemplified by the cloning of a cDNA fragment comprising a base sequence coding for the endorphin region. The fragment, hereinafter termed the endorphin gene cDNA sequence, was obtained from cultured mouse pituitary tumor cells known to produce the ACTH/LPH precursor protein.