Abstract: A method includes receiving, via a processor, input data based upon received seismic data, migrating, via the processor, the input data via a pre-stack depth migration technique to generate migrated input data, encoding, via the processor, the input data via an encoding function as a migration attribute to generate encoded input data having a migration function that is non-monotonic versus an attribute related to the input data, migrating, via the processor, the encoded input data via the pre-stack depth migration technique to generate migrated encoded input data, and generating an estimated common image gather based upon the migrated input data and the migrated encoded input data. The method also includes generating a seismic image utilizing the estimated common image gather, wherein the seismic image represents hydrocarbons in a subsurface region of the Earth or subsurface drilling hazards.

Abstract: A method includes receiving, via a processor, input data based upon received seismic data, migrating, via the processor, the input data via a pre-stack depth migration technique to generate migrated input data, encoding, via the processor, the input data via an encoding function as a migration attribute to generate encoded input data having a migration function that is non-monotonic versus an attribute related to the input data, migrating, via the processor, the encoded input data via the pre-stack depth migration technique to generate migrated encoded input data, and generating an estimated common image gather based upon the migrated input data and the migrated encoded input data. The method also includes generating a seismic image utilizing the estimated common image gather, wherein the seismic image represents hydrocarbons in a subsurface region of the Earth or subsurface drilling hazards.

Abstract: There is provided herein a system and method of seismic data collection for land and marine data that utilizes narrowband to monochromatic low-frequency non-impulsive sources designed to optimize the ability of migration/inversion algorithms to image the subsurface of the Earth, in particular, full-waveform inversion.

Abstract: There is provided herein a system and method of seismic data collection for land and marine data that utilizes narrowband to monochromatic low-frequency non-impulsive sources designed to optimize the ability of migration/inversion algorithms to image the subsurface of the Earth, in particular, full-waveform inversion.

Abstract: There is provided herein a system and method of seismic data collection for land and marine data that utilizes narrowband to monochromatic low-frequency non-impulsive sources designed to optimize the ability of migration/inversion algorithms to image the subsurface of the Earth, in particular, full-waveform inversion.

Abstract: The instant invention is a method for numerically propagating waves or solving wave equations on a digital computer. This invention can be used to compute highly accurate solutions to the wave equation, in fact in some cases it computes the analytical solution, something previously considered impossible. The instant method can also propagate waves that are not described by differential equations, such as anisotropic scalar waves. The invention has the advantages that it is computationally efficient, accurate, and flexible. Of importance is the ability to propagate waves that simulate the P-wave arrivals in both isotropic and anisotropic media with a scalar as opposed to a vector equation.

Abstract: The instant invention is a method for numerically propagating waves or solving wave equations on a digital computer. This invention can be used to compute highly accurate solutions to the wave equation, in fact in some cases it computes the analytical solution, something previously considered impossible. The instant method can also propagate waves that are not described by differential equations, such as anisotropic scalar waves. The invention has the advantages that it is computationally efficient, accurate, and flexible. Of importance is the ability to propagate waves that simulate the P-wave arrivals in both isotropic and anisotropic media with a scalar as opposed to a vector equation.

Abstract: There is provided herein a system and method of seismic data collection for land and marine data that utilizes narrowband to monochromatic low-frequency non-impulsive sources designed to optimize the ability of migration/inversion algorithms to image the subsurface of the Earth, in particular, full-waveform inversion.

Abstract: According to a preferred aspect of the instant invention, there is provided herein a system and method for the imaging and monitoring of the subsurface hydrocarbon reservoirs and other subsurface features, wherein the collected seismic data contain multiples therein. In brief, the instant invention is a method of removing multiples using surface-related multiple elimination (SRME), wherein wide azimuth seismic data are used to directly compute a multiple prediction via a mixed space-wavenumber-frequency domain implementation.

Abstract: According to a first preferred aspect of the instant invention, there is provided an efficient method of computing a 3D frequency domain waveform inversion based on 3D time domain modeling. In the preferred arrangement, 3D frequency domain wavefields are computed using 3D time-domain modeling and a discrete Fourier transformation that is preferably computed “on the fly” instead of solving the large systems of linear equations that have traditionally been required by direct frequency domain modeling. The instant invention makes use of the theory of gradient-based waveform inversion that estimates model parameters (for example velocities) by matching modeled data to field data sets. Preferably the modeled data are calculated using a forward modeling algorithm.

Abstract: The instant invention is a method for numerically propagating waves or solving wave equations on a digital computer. This invention can be used to compute highly accurate solutions to the wave equation, in fact in some cases it computes the analytical solution, something previously considered impossible. The instant method can also propagate waves that are not described by differential equations, such as anisotropic scalar waves. The invention has the advantages that it is computationally efficient, accurate, and flexible. Of importance is the ability to propagate waves that simulate the P-wave arrivals in both isotropic and anisotropic media with a scalar as opposed to a vector equation.

Abstract: According to a preferred aspect of the instant invention, there is provided herein a system and method for the imaging and monitoring of the subsurface hydrocarbon reservoirs and other subsurface features, wherein the collected seismic data contain multiples therein. In brief, the instant invention is a method of removing multiples using SRME, wherein wide azimuth seismic data are used to directly compute a multiple prediction via a mixed space-wavenumber-frequency domain implementation.

Abstract: According to a preferred aspect of the instant invention, there is provided a system and method for acquiring seismic data in a marine environment, wherein at least two source vessels are used in conjunction with a recording vessel which tows a plurality of hydrophone cables. Preferably, the source vessels will be positioned along side of the towed streamer configuration and most preferably one source vessel will be located near the recording vessel and the other at the end of the streamer configuration, preferably along the same side of the streamer configuration as the lead source vessel.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method for migrating prestack seismic data that can yield enormous gains in computational efficiency for some classes of seismic velocity models. The method disclosed herein provides an method of rapidly calculating a 2-D or 3-D prestack migration of common offset seismic data volumes for horizontally layered velocity models. Additionally, because of the way that the migration is implemented, it is possible to calculate the migration operator using a very accurate wave transmission model with little increase in overall computer run time, i.e., a "full fidelity" migration. Broadly speaking, the instant invention is founded on the following novel observation: when the underlying velocity model consists of horizontally layered constant-velocity media, the prestack migration of a collection of common offset traces can be written as a convolution of a migration operator with the seismic data.