Abstract: The disclosed system provides headgear, i.e., a Firefighter Helmet, with forward illumination that also acts as a personal rescue detection system for quickly finding a downed of lost firefighter. More specifically, the headgear includes a forward illuminating light that has unique characteristics that are easily detected in a smoke filled space by using a handheld photodetector probe that is tuned to the exact characteristics of the light source. The handheld probe has a somewhat narrow directional response to allow a directed search for a downed firefighter or other emergency personnel in a smoke filled noisy environment that hinders normal visual and audible search methods. The handheld photodetector probe produces a unique audio tone that is proportional in volume to the intensity of the exact-characteristics-light-source thus allowing a sweeping motion of the probe to immediately determine the relative direction to a firefighter who is down or requiring assistance.

Abstract: The disclosed system provides headgear, i.e., a Firefighter Helmet, with forward illumination that also acts as a personal rescue detection system for quickly finding a downed of lost firefighter. More specifically, the headgear includes a forward illuminating light that has unique characteristics that are easily detected in a smoke filled space by using a handheld photodetector probe that is tuned to the exact characteristics of the light source. The handheld probe has a somewhat narrow directional response to allow a directed search for a downed firefighter or other emergency personnel in a smoke filled noisy environment that hinders normal visual and audible search methods. The handheld photodetector probe produces a unique audio tone that is proportional in volume to the intensity of the exact-characteristics-light-source thus allowing a sweeping motion of the probe to immediately determine the relative direction to a firefighter who is down or requiring assistance.

Abstract: A pyrometer for use in measuring temperatures in a furnace, has a lens-tube for supporting an optical head in a port of the furnace for viewing an interior of the furnace along a line of sight. The optical head converts infrared radiation to electrical signals. A photometer circuit connected to the optical head processes the electrical signals and a scaling circuit connected to the photometer circuit scales the electrical signals. An output circuit connected to the scaling circuit receives the scaled electrical signals and produces output signals for display or control of the furnace. A power supply connected to the scaling circuit powers the photometer, scaling and output circuits. Calibration in the scaling circuit scales the electrical signals to be most sensitive to a wavelength of middle infrared radiation to which at least one gas component in the furnace is semi-transparent, for measuring the temperature of the at least one gas component.

Abstract: An emissivity probe for measuring reflected energy from interior wall surfaces of large scale boilers. The emissivity probe uses a pair of light guides which respectively receive light energy from the interior of the boiler and that reflected off a wall surface. Using appropriate photo detectors sensitive to a desired light wavelength range, a ratio of the reflected and incident radiation is provided. This provides a measure of the reflectivity of the wall surface. The reflectivity values are used to control boiler cleaning systems.

Abstract: A pyrometer for use in measuring temperatures in a furnace, has a lens-tube for supporting an optical head in a port of the furnace for viewing an interior of the furnace along a line of sight. The optical head converts infrared radiation to electrical signals. A photometer circuit connected to the optical head processes the electrical signals and a scaling circuit connected to the photometer circuit scales the electrical signals. An output circuit connected to the scaling circuit receives the scaled electrical signals and produces output signals for display or control of the furnace. A power supply connected to the scaling circuit powers the photometer, scaling and output circuits. Calibration in the scaling circuit scales the electrical signals to be most sensitive to a wavelength of middle infrared radiation to which at least one gas component in the furnace is semi-transparent, for measuring the temperature of the at least one gas component.

Abstract: A pyrometer for use in measuring temperatures in a furnace, has a lens-tube for supporting an optical head in a port of the furnace for viewing an interior of the furnace along a line of sight. The optical head converts infrared radiation to electrical signals. A photometer circuit connected to the optical head processes the electrical signals and a scaling circuit connected to the photometer circuit scales the electrical signals. An output circuit connected to the scaling circuit receives the scaled electrical signals and produces output signals for display or control of the furnace. A power supply connected to the scaling circuit powers the photometer, scaling and output circuits. Calibration in the scaling circuit scales the electrical signals to be most sensitive to a wavelength of middle infrared radiation to which at least one gas component in the furnace is semi-transparent, for measuring the temperature of the at least one gas component.

Abstract: An emissivity probe for measuring reflected energy from interior wall surfaces of large scale boilers. The emissivity probe uses a pair of light guides which respectively receive light energy from the interior of the boiler and that reflected off a wall surface. Using appropriate photo detectors sensitive to a desired light wavelength range, a ratio of the reflected and incident radiation is provided. This provides a measure of the reflectivity of the wall surface. The reflectivity values are used to control boiler cleaning systems.

Abstract: A PLC based parameter sensing sootblower having a retractable lance tube that is extended and retracted by a drive motor. A PLC sensing circuit is used to sense when the lance tube is fully extended and/or fully retracted. The PLC sensing circuit can be configured to sense drive motor current, power, torque or other drive motor characteristics to determine when the lance tube has come to a hard stop upon extension. The PLC sensing circuit then calculates an approximate time window in which the lance should be fully retracted. The parameter sensor is configured to sense the drive motor current, power, torque or other characteristic only during the time window to determine when the lance tube is fully retracted while ignoring any motor load variations outside of the designated time window.

Abstract: A system for automatically controlling a drain valve connected to a sootblower steam piping system utilizes two temperature measurements, one near the steam source and the other near the drain valve. Comparison of the difference in steam temperature between these two locations with an adjustable temperature setpoint allows the drain valve to be opened to drain condensate and maintain minimum allowable superheat over a wide range of conditions. The system allows the temperature sensing to "float" with steam source conditions, since it is continuously adjusted to compensate for steam source temperature and ambient temperature changes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cleaning heated surfaces with substantially constant progression of a jet cleaning medium. The invention monitors the rotational and translational position of the lance tube and is programmed with a schedule of lance tube rotation rates and blowing medium discharge rates for the specific configuration of the heated surfaces. Based upon the rotational and translational position of the lance tube and the distance the jet travels before impinging upon the heated surfaces, the rate of rotation of the lance tube is varied throughout every rotation to maintain substantially constant progress of the jet across the heated surfaces.

Abstract: A method for controlling nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) levels in a gas produced by a fossil fuel fired unit comprises establishing an optimum gas temperature range for the unit and monitoring a gas temperature of the unit. The heat exchanger surfaces of the unit are then cleaned until the monitored gas temperature is within the optimum gas temperature range. An optimum fuel combustion rate range is also established for the unit and a fuel combustion rate of the unit is monitored. Air is provided to the unit until the monitored fuel combustion rate is within the optimum combustion rate range.

Abstract: An apparatus for cleaning heated surfaces with substantially constant progression of a jet cleaning medium. The invention monitors the rotational and translational position of the lance tube and is programmed with a schedule of lance tube rotation rates and blowing medium discharge rates for the specific configuration of the heated surfaces. Based upon the rotational and translational position of the lance tube and the distance the jet travels before impinging upon the heated surfaces, the rate of rotation of the lance tube is varied throughout every rotation to maintain substantially constant progress of the jet across the heated surfaces.

Abstract: A system for determining the relative positions of control rods within a nuclear reactor is disclosed. When the position signal associated with the highest control rod in a group exceeds the position signal associated with the lowest control rod in the same group by more than a predetermined limit, an alarm and a fault indicator are activated.