Abstract: A solid electrical capacitor having lowered ESR and fewer short circuit from processing is obtained by adhering a number of islands of a material more basic than the dielectric coating on an anode before forming a conductive polymer on the dielectric coating by a chemical oxidation process.

Abstract: A pyrolysis oven provides uniform pyrolytic coatings on capacitor anodes. An oven chamber contains cross-flow blowers situated to provide uniform laminar flow of oven atmosphere over the objects to be treated. The top and side walls of the chamber meet in an inverted V such that when the blower operate, a vortex is created in the inverted V in the chamber.

Abstract: A method of anodizing comprising suspending at least one aluminum substrate into an electrolyte solution and applying an anodizing current to the electrolyte solution, wherein the electrolyte solution comprises from about 5 to about 99.5 wt % glycerine, about 0.05 to about 5.0 wt. % of at least one orthophosphate salt selected from the group consisting of ammonium phosphates, alkali metal phosphates, amine phosphates, or mixtures thereof, and water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for making a solid electrolytic capacitor having a low equivalent series resistance by impregnating a porous capacitor pellet with conductive polymer. An oxidized pellet is dipped in a high concentration conductive polymer solution to deposit the polymer in doped (conductive) form. The solution also contains a crosslinking agent to prevent redissolution of the polymer when the pellet is re-dipped. After dipping, the solvent in the polymer solution is evaporated and a conductive film formed. In order to evaporate the solvent quickly, the solvent should have a boiling point of 80-220° C. and preferably a boiling point of 100-150° C. The conductive polymer film has a low resistivity (less than 1 ohm-cm, preferably less than 0.2 ohm-cm).

Abstract: An electrolytic capacitor comprising a thermally treated anode prepared by heating a manganese dioxide coated porous anodized valve metal nitride anode to a temperature of about 325° C. to about 450° C. The anode may be heated to first temperature of about 200° C. to about 250° C. for a time sufficient for the valve metal nitride anode to reach thermal equilibrium, prior to increasing the temperature to about 325° C. to about 450° C.

Abstract: An intrinsically conductive polymer is prepared with a chemical oxidative process. The polymer is prepared by first dipping or coating a substrate with an Fe(III)-containing oxidizer solution and drying. The substrate is then dipped or coated with a monomer, such as 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene solution, and reacted to form the conductive polymer. The monomer is dissolved in a solvent in which it has a high solubility but in which the Fe(III)-containing oxidizer has low solubility. This minimizes cross-contamination of the monomer and oxidizer dipping solutions thereby making this process suitable for high volume production. Dissolving the monomer in a solvent allows control over the stoichiometric ratio of monomer to oxidizer and prevents an excess of monomer thereby facilitating the removal of any unreacted monomer by water.

Abstract: A method of anodizing a metal comprising immersing a metal substrate into an a glycerine-based electrolytic solution and applying a constant current to produce a uniform film. The electrolytic solution additionally comprises at least one acidic organic salt, inorganic salt, or mixtures thereof. Suitable salts include dibasic potassium phosphate, P-toluene sulfonate, potassium hydrogen sulfate and monobasic potassium tartrate. The electrolytic solution may be prepared by mixing glycerine and the salt or salts, and then heating the solution to about 150 to 180° C. for about 1 to 12 hours. The prepared solution preferably has a water content of less than 0.1 wt %. Anodizing may be performed in the electrolytic solution at temperatures above about 150° C. to achieve non-thickness-limited film growth. Temperature fluctuations within the solution are reduced by the use of impellers or ultrasonic agitation.

Abstract: The invention relates to post pyrolysis thermal treatment for pyrolytic manganese dioxide coatings for use in conjunction with porous anodized valve metal nitride electrolytic capacitor anodes for the purpose of transforming the manganese dioxide to a higher conductivity form of manganese dioxide.

Abstract: A process for treating an impregnated electrolytic capacitor anode whereby the anode body is immersed in a liquid electrolytic solution and a voltage is applied to the anode body, whereby a current flows through and repairs flaw sites in the anode body. The liquid electrolytic solution includes an organic solvent comprising at least one of polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether. Alternatively, the electrolytic solution includes an organic solvent and an alkali metal phosphate salt. Preferably, the electrolytic solution contains both an alkali metal phosphate salt and an organic solvent comprising at least one of polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether.

Abstract: Electrolytes containing water, at least one organic solvent, and at least one alkali metal phosphate salt can be used for anodizing valve metals prepared from metal powder having a surface area of least 0.35 m.sup.2 /g or 35,000 CV/g. The alkali metal phosphate salt should be relatively insoluble in the organic portion of the electrolyte, but highly soluble in a water solution of the organic solvent. The anodizing electrolytes have relatively high conductivity and are capable of being used at high anodizing currents. The anodic film produced by these electrolytes on valve metals is of substantially uniform thickness, has improved electrical parameters, and requires a shorter stabilization time at voltage.

Abstract: An electrolytic solution comprising glycerine and an organic salt, an inorganic salt, or mixtures thereof, and having a pH of less than about 7. The electrolytic solution has a water content of less than 0.1 weight percent and is prepared by mixing the glycerine and the salt or their acidic and basic ionogen components and heating to above 150.degree. C. A method of anodizing a metal comprising forming a film on the metal with said electrolytic solution. The metal is preferably a valve metal, such as tantalum, and the film is formed at a temperature of 150.degree. C. or higher.

Abstract: A solution comprising a polar solvent and C.sub.60 in which the solubility of C.sub.60 is at least 2 mg/ml of solvent. The polar solvent has a low toxicity, high boiling point, high thermal and electrochemical stability, low viscosity, low freezing point, a high dielectric constant, and is relatively inexpensive. Preferably the polar solvent is N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone.

Abstract: Acid-doped, polyaniline-based polymers are formed into fibers, films, and coatings with a solvent of at least one bicyclic terpene. Such a solvent system is characterized by a drying temperature of less than 150.degree. C. and a relatively low toxicity.

Abstract: An electrolytic solution comprising glycerine and dibasic potassium phosphate. The electrolytic solution has a water content of less than 1000 ppm and is prepared by mixing the glycerine and the dibasic potassium phosphate and then heating to about 150 to 180.degree. C. for about 1 to 12 hours. A method of anodizing a metal comprising forming a film on the metal with an electrolytic solution comprising glycerine and dibasic potassium phosphate. The metal is preferably a valve metal, such as tantalum, and the film is formed at a temperature of 150.degree. C. or higher.

Abstract: Acid-doped, polyaniline-based polymers are formed into fibers, films, and coatings with a solvent of N-ethylpyrrolidone. Such a solvent system is particularly useful for the formation of a solid electrolyte on a capacitive element.

Abstract: Conductive polymers are formed with a self-regenerating oxidant system made with a reversibly reducible metal salt at amounts sufficient to polymerize a cyclic monomer through oxidation and leave a reduced metal ion, and an oxidant in an amount sufficiently small and under conditions sufficient to oxidize the reduced metal ion but avoid oxidation or degradation of the polymer. The most preferred combination of agents includes ferric nitrate and a small amount of ammonium nitrate at a pH within the range of 2 to 7.

Abstract: Acid-doped, polyaniline-based polymers are formed into fibers, films, and coatings with a solvent of at least one bicyclic terpene. Such a solvent system is characterized by a drying temperature of less than 150.degree. C. and a relatively low toxicity.

Abstract: Acid-doped, polyaniline-based polymers are formed into fibers, films, and coatings with a solvent of N-ethylpyrrolidone. Such a solvent system is particularly useful for the formation of a solid electrolyte on a capacitive element.

Abstract: Acid-doped, polyaniline-based polymers are formed into fibers, films, and coatings with a solvent of N-ethylpyrrolidone. Such a solvent system is particularly useful for the formation of a solid electrolyte on a capacitive element.

Abstract: An electrolytic solution comprising glycerine and dibasic potassium phosphate. The electrolytic solution has a water content of less than 1000 ppm and is prepared by mixing the glycerine and the dibasic potassium phosphate and then heating to about 150.degree. to 180.degree. C. for about 1 to 12 hours. A method of anodizing a metal comprising forming a film on the metal with an electrolytic solution comprising glycerine and dibasic potassium phosphate. The metal is preferably a valve metal, such as tantalum, and the film is formed at a temperature of 150.degree. C. or higher.