Abstract: Compounds and methods are provided for modulating in vitro and in vivo processes mediated by selectin binding. More specifically, selectin modulators and their use are described, wherein the selectin modulators that modulate (e.g., inhibit or enhance) a selectin-mediated function comprise a class of compounds termed BASAs (Benzyl Amino Sulfonic Acids, which include a portion or analogue thereof) linked to a carbohydrate or glycomimetic.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for diagnosis or therapy of medical conditions, or for tissue engineering, involving angiogenesis accompanied by the expression of E-selectin. More specifically, compounds are used that are selective for E-selectin binding with no significant ability to bind to P-selectin.

Abstract: An improved thermal efficiency power plant for converting fuel energy to shaft horsepower is described. The conventional combustor of a gas tubine power plant is replaced by a direct contact steam boiler 8, modified to produce a mixture of superheated steam and combustion gases. Combustion takes place preferably at stoichiometric conditions. The maximum thermal efficiency of the disclosed plant is achievable at much higher pressures than conventional gas turbines. Uses of multi-stage compression turbines (4, 9, 1, 10) with intercooling (2, 3) and regeneration (16, 17, 18, 19) is utilized along with a vapor bottoming cycle (11, 12, 13) to achieve a thermal efficiency greater tha 60% with a maximum drive turbine inlet temperature of 1600 degrees Fahrenheit.

Abstract: Modified benzyl ether-containing resole polyols derived from a phenolic component, a non-aqueous aldehyde, and a halogen-containing aliphatic hydroxyl component are prepared using a metal derivative as a catalyst. These polyols react with organic polyisocyanates to yield closed cell, low friability, low combustibility, rigid polyurethane foams without the need for post curing at elevated temperature. They are also useful in the preparation of modified rigid polyisocyanurate foams.

Abstract: Enhanced load-bearing properties for flexible polyurethane foam can be achieved by employing a hydroxyl compound-modified benzyl ether-containing resole polyol as part of the polyol component (5 to 25 weight percent based on polyol) in the preparation of the foam.

Abstract: Haloalkoxymethylmelamine adduct is prepared by reacting hexamethoxymethylmelamine with a halogenated alcohol. Dispersions of this adduct in a polyol produce a polyurethane product which displays improved flame retardancy.

Abstract: Modified benzyl ether-containing resole polyols derived from phenol, paraformaldehyde and an aliphatic hydroxyl compound are prepared using a metal derivative as a catalyst. These polyols react with organic polyisocyanates to yield closed cell, low friability, low combustibility, rigid polyurethane foams without the need for post curing at elevated temperature. They are also useful in the preparation of modified rigid polyisocyanurate foams.

Abstract: Polyisocyanurate foams are prepared from reacting partially etherified methylolmelamines either alone or in mixture with polyoxyalkylene polyether polyols with polyisocyanates. Improved friability and flame retardancy are obtained.

Abstract: Aminoplast resin is prepared by reacting urea or melamine with formaldehyde in the presence of a stabilizer compound. Dispersions of the resin in a polyol reacted with a polyisocyanate produce polyurethane products having low flammability properties.

Abstract: Modified benzyl ether-containing resole polyols derived from phenol, paraformaldehyde and an aliphatic hydroxyl compound are prepared using a metal derivative as a catalyst. These polyols react with organic polyisocyanates to yield closed cell, low friability, low combustibility, rigid polyurethane foams without the need for post curing at elevated temperature. They are also useful in the preparation of modified rigid polyisocyanurate foams.

Abstract: Modified benzyl ether-containing resole polyols derived from a phenolic component, a non-aqueous aldehyde, and a halogen-containing aliphatic hydroxyl component are prepared using a metal derivative as a catalyst. These polyols react with organic polyisocyanates to yield closed cell, low friability, low combustibility, rigid polyurethane foams without the need for post curing at elevated temperature. They are also useful in the preparation of modified rigid polyisocyanurate foams.

Abstract: Liquid carbodiimide-modified organic polyisocyanates are prepared by reacting a crude polymethylene polyphenylene polyisocyanate containing no more than 70 weight percent diphenylmethane diisocyanate with an isomer mixture of 40 to 100 weight percent 4,4'-, 0 to 50 weight percent 2,4- and 0 to 10 weight percent 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and having an average functionality of 2.1 to 2.7 and a free NCO content of at least 30 percent weight percent in the presence of an effective amount of carbodimidization catalyst. Polyisocyanurate-polyurethane foams prepared by reacting the modified polyisocyanates and polyols selected from the group consisting of diethylene glycol and ethylene oxide adducts of trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, glycerine, pentaerythritol, .alpha.-methylglucoside, sucrose, toluene diamine and methylene dianiline in the presence of trimerization catalysts exhibit improved compression strengths and K-factors with low friability and smoke density.

Abstract: Polyisocyanurate-polyurethane foams are prepared by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with oxyethylated aromatic amines and diols having equivalent weights from 31 to 100 and at an isocyanate index of 150 to 500 in the presence of a trimerization catalyst and a blowing agent.

Abstract: A process of stimulating oil recovery utilizing carbon dioxide in the liquid state is disclosed. The carbon dioxide is introduced into an underground formation where it partially dissolves in the crude oil present therein. A back pressure in the range of atmospheric to approximately 300 psi is maintained on the formation while the oil containing carbon dioxide is withdrawn. The carbon dioxide is thereafter separated from the oil.

Abstract: Polyisocyanurate polymers containing pendant urea groups are prepared by polymerization of polyisocyanates in organic solvents employing appropriate trimerization catalysts and then end-capping the polyisocyanurate polymer with ammonia or ammonium hydroxide. These end-capped polyisocyanurate polymers which contain pendant urea groups are dispersed in polyols to yield fine particulate dispersions. Cellular and non-cellular urethane products prepared using these dispersions displayed improved physical properties.

Abstract: A stable isocyanurate-modified polyisocyanate prepared by trimerizing an organic polyisocyanate mixture of 45 to 70 percent by weight of diphenylmethane diisocyanate having an isomer mixture of 40 to 100 weight percent, 4,4'-, 0 to 50 weight percent 2,4-, and 0 to 10 weight percent 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and from 30 to 55 percent by weight polymethylene polyphenylene polyisocyanate with an isocyanurate content of 20 to 33 percent by weight. Polyurethane isocyanurate foams prepared from the reaction of these isocyanates with active hydrogen compounds selected from the group consisting of diethylene glycol and ethylene oxide adducts of trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, and glycerine exhibit good K- factors, low friability and low smoke density.

Abstract: Polyisocyanurate polymers are prepared by polymerization of polyisocyanates in organic solvents employing trimerization catalysts. The polyisocyanates are reacted with monofunctional active hydrogen compounds prior to polymerization or subsequent to the polymerization. These polymers may be dispersed in polyols for the preparation of cellular and non-cellular polyurethane products having improved physical properties.

Abstract: Rigid, solid, non-cellular, urethane polymer compositions can be prepared which are the reaction product of at least one polyhydric alcohol with at least one organic polyisocyanate in the presence of a low molecular weight urethane modifier adduct which is the reaction product prepared, for instance, by reacting (1) at least one polyisocyanate and at least one monohydric alcohol or (2) at least one monofunctional isocyanate with at least one monohydric or polyhydric alcohol. Said adduct can also consist of mixtures of (1) and (2). Such polymers when prepared in the presence of any catalyst for urethane formation which is a liquid or solid at ambient temperature, set quickly to solid, rigid polymers having a density of at least one gram per cubic centimeter. They can be demolded after combining the materials, without the addition of heat from an external source, within a period of less than one minute to about 15 minutes.

Abstract: Foamed polymers such as polyurethanes useful, for instance, as cushioning, insulation, and in reaction injection molding to produce thin section moldings can be produced without substantial reduction in physical properties by the incorporation therein of about 2 percent to about 75 percent by weight based upon the weight of said polymer of at least one non-reactive, liquid urethane modifier compound processing aid or flame-retardant additive. Said modifier has a low viscosity at ambient temperatures and is a low-molecular weight urethane adduct formed by the reaction of (1) at least one polyisocyanate and at least one monohydric alcohol or (2) at least one monofunctional isocyanate with at least one monohydric or polyhydric alcohol or (3) at least one isocyanate-terminated quasi-prepolymer with at least one monohydric alcohol. Said modifier can also consist of mixtures of (1), (2), and (3). Utilizing halogenated alcohols, flame-retardant polymer foams such as polyurethane foams can be prepared.

Abstract: Polyisocyanurate polymers are prepared by polymerization of polyisocyanates in organic solvents employing trimerization catalysts. The polyisocyanates are reacted with halogenated alcohols subsequent to polymerization. These polymers may be dispersed in polyols for the preparation of cellular and non-cellular polyurethane products having improved flame retardant physical properties.