Abstract: Apparatus comprising: a support arranged to transport a moving substrate; a plasma generator arranged to generate plasma; and an electrode arranged to bias ions within the plasma towards the moving substrate to form an ion flux. The ion flux has an energy level between 3.6 eV and 250 eV. Alternatively, apparatus for defining plasma having a plurality of spaced race track portions.

Abstract: Apparatus comprising: a support arranged to transport a moving substrate; a plasma generator arranged to generate plasma; and an electrode arranged to bias ions within the plasma towards the moving substrate to form an ion flux. The ion flux has an energy level between 3.6 eV and 250 eV. Alternatively, apparatus for defining plasma having a plurality of spaced race track portions.

Abstract: A process for coating a substrate comprising condensing a radiation curable material on a substrate and curing it using an electron flux 6? with energy between 6.5 eV and 300 eV. The electron flux 6? is directed at the substrate (2) either simultaneously or sequentially with delivery of the curable material (5?). Curing is preferably initiated spatially and temporally concurrently with delivery of the material to the substrate. The electron flux is preferably generated using a low pressure gas plasma source with a driving voltage negative relative to the local voltage conditions. The low pressure gas plasma (6?) is preferably magnetically enhanced and, for example, incorporates a magnetron.