Abstract: Multi-layer capacitor divider voltage sensors include a plurality of voltage sensor conductive layers having sensor to ground interface surfaces. Respective voltage sensor conductive layers are connected to each other and sensor output voltage Vs by continuations of material forming the interface surfaces extending therebetween. The voltage sensors also include a plurality of conductive ground layers connected to electrical ground, the ground layers interleaved with the voltage sensor conductive layers so that a conductive ground layer resides between adjacent conductive voltage sensor layers. A first voltage sensor conductive layer (closest to a line conductor) is electrically connected to the other conductive voltage sensor layers and output voltage Vs and has a sensor to conductor interface surface with a corresponding interface area.

Abstract: A power system for an alternating current power bus includes an electret operatively associated with the alternating current power bus. The electret includes an output having an alternating current voltage when the alternating current power bus is energized. A rectifier includes an input electrically interconnected with the output of the electret and an output having a direct current voltage responsive to the alternating current voltage of the output of the electret. A powered device includes an input electrically interconnected with the output of the rectifier. The powered device is powered responsive to the direct current voltage of the output of the rectifier.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring at least one of temperature and pressure within a cylinder of an internal combustion engine can include an engine valve and a sensor. The internal combustion engine can include a valvetrain having rocker arm assembly, a camshaft, a valve, and a hydraulic lash adjuster. The engine valve can have a valve head and a valve stem extending from the valve head in an axial direction. The valve head can have a valve face configured to be in pressure communication with an engine cylinder. The valve stem can have an outer surface with a cylindrical portion and a variably-shaped portion. The variably-shaped portion can define a target detectable by the sensor and the sensor can be installed adjacent to the target. Alternatively, the sensor can be positioned to detect a level of force at some point along the valvetrain.

Abstract: A power system for an alternating current power bus includes an electret operatively associated with the alternating current power bus. The electret includes an output having an alternating current voltage when the alternating current power bus is energized. A rectifier includes an input electrically interconnected with the output of the electret and an output having a direct current voltage responsive to the alternating current voltage of the output of the electret. A powered device includes an input electrically interconnected with the output of the rectifier. The powered device is powered responsive to the direct current voltage of the output of the rectifier.

Abstract: An apparatus is for visual indication of an energized state of electrical conductors. The apparatus includes two electrodes structured to capacitively couple to two energized electrical conductors, respectively, in order to harvest an electric field. A rectifier is powered from one or both of the two electrodes. An illuminated indicator or a non-illuminated indicator is powered from the rectifier.

Abstract: A fluid vessel includes a body structure defining a cavity, an inlet structure defining a first channel, and an outlet structure defining a second channel. The body structure includes an overlay material surrounding the cavity, and includes a metal substrate surrounding the overlay material. The first channel and second channel are provided in fluid communication with the cavity. The inlet structure and outlet structure each include an overlay material surrounding the respective first channel and second channel, and include a metal substrate surrounding the respective overlay material. The overlay material of each of the body structure, the inlet structure, and the outlet structure is fused to the respective metal substrate of the body structure, the inlet structure, and the outlet structure through laser cladding.

Abstract: A method of forming a position measurement system includes melting a surface of a substrate formed from a first material, wherein the surface defines at least one groove therein and wherein the surface is melted within the at least one groove. The method also includes, concurrent to melting, depositing a second material into the at least one groove to form a mixture of the first material and the second material. The method further includes solidifying the mixture to form an indicator material that is distinguishable from and metallurgically bonded to the first material, and depositing an alloy onto the substrate to form a corrosion-resistant cladding that covers the indicator material and the surface to thereby form the position measurement system. A position measurement system is also disclosed.

Abstract: A power system for an alternating current power bus includes an electret operatively associated with the alternating current power bus. The electret includes an output having an alternating current voltage when the alternating current power bus is energized. A rectifier includes an input electrically interconnected with the output of the electret and an output having a direct current voltage responsive to the alternating current voltage of the output of the electret. A powered device includes an input electrically interconnected with the output of the rectifier. The powered device is powered responsive to the direct current voltage of the output of the rectifier.

Abstract: Multi-layer capacitor divider voltage sensors include a plurality of voltage sensor conductive layers having sensor to ground interface surfaces. Respective voltage sensor conductive layers are connected to each other and sensor output voltage Vs by continuations of material forming the interface surfaces extending therebetween. The voltage sensors also include a plurality of conductive ground layers connected to electrical ground, the ground layers interleaved with the voltage sensor conductive layers so that a conductive ground layer resides between adjacent conductive voltage sensor layers. A first voltage sensor conductive layer (closest to a line conductor) is electrically connected to the other conductive voltage sensor layers and output voltage Vs and has a sensor to conductor interface surface with a corresponding interface area.

Abstract: An indicator system for an alternating current power bus includes an electret operatively associated with the alternating current power bus. The electret includes an output having an alternating current voltage when the alternating current power bus is energized. A rectifier includes an input electrically interconnected with the output of the electret and an output having a direct current voltage responsive to the alternating current voltage of the output of the electret. An indicator includes an input electrically interconnected with the output of the rectifier and an indication output responsive to the direct current voltage of the output of the rectifier.

Abstract: The disclosed concept relates to methods for the manufacture of molded parts having composite nanofibers deposited on a surface of the molded parts. The molded parts are manufactured by utilizing injection molding techniques. The nanofibers are capable of imparting to the molded part functionality, such as but not limited to electrical conductivity, magnetic properties, thermal conductivity, hydrophobicity and superhydrophobicity. The methods include depositing the nanofibers at least partially on an interior surface of a mold, injecting a polymer-containing composition into the mold and extracting a molded part from the mold. A surface of the molded part includes a layer or coating of nanofibers deposited thereon and/or therein. The nanofibers are transferred from the interior surface of the mold to the surface of the molded part. The mold and molded part can include three-dimensional shapes as well as two-dimensional shapes.

Abstract: An indicator system for an alternating current power bus includes an electret operatively associated with the alternating current power bus. The electret includes an output having an alternating current voltage when the alternating current power bus is energized. A rectifier includes an input electrically interconnected with the output of the electret and an output having a direct current voltage responsive to the alternating current voltage of the output of the electret. An indicator includes an input electrically interconnected with the output of the rectifier and an indication output responsive to the direct current voltage of the output of the rectifier.

Abstract: An indicator system for an alternating current power bus includes an electret operatively associated with the alternating current power bus. The electret includes an output having an alternating current voltage when the alternating current power bus is energized. A rectifier includes an input electrically interconnected with the output of the electret and an output having a direct current voltage responsive to the alternating current voltage of the output of the electret. An indicator includes an input electrically interconnected with the output of the rectifier and an indication output responsive to the direct current voltage of the output of the rectifier.

Abstract: An indicator system for an alternating current power bus includes an electret operatively associated with the alternating current power bus. The electret has an output with an alternating current voltage when the alternating current power bus is energized. A rectifier includes an input electrically interconnected with the output of the electret and an output having a direct current voltage responsive to the alternating current voltage of the output of the electret. An electroluminescent indicator includes an input electrically interconnected with the output of the rectifier and an indication output responsive to the direct current voltage of the output of the rectifier. A number of capacitors are electrically connected in parallel with the input of the electroluminescent indicator.

Abstract: A power system for an alternating current power bus includes an electret operatively associated with the alternating current power bus. The electret includes an output having an alternating current voltage when the alternating current power bus is energized. A rectifier includes an input electrically interconnected with the output of the electret and an output having a direct current voltage responsive to the alternating current voltage of the output of the electret. A powered device includes an input electrically interconnected with the output of the rectifier. The powered device is powered responsive to the direct current voltage of the output of the rectifier.

Abstract: An indicator system for an alternating current power bus includes an electret operatively associated with the alternating current power bus. The electret includes an output having an alternating current voltage when the alternating current power bus is energized. A rectifier includes an input electrically interconnected with the output of the electret and an output having a direct current voltage responsive to the alternating current voltage of the output of the electret. An indicator includes an input electrically interconnected with the output of the rectifier and an indication output responsive to the direct current voltage of the output of the rectifier.

Abstract: A fluid vessel includes a body structure defining a cavity, an inlet structure defining a first channel, and an outlet structure defining a second channel. The body structure includes an overlay material surrounding the cavity, and includes a metal substrate surrounding the overlay material. The first channel and second channel are provided in fluid communication with the cavity. The inlet structure and outlet structure each include an overlay material surrounding the respective first channel and second channel, and include a metal substrate surrounding the respective overlay material. The overlay material of each of the body structure, the inlet structure, and the outlet structure is fused to the respective metal substrate of the body structure, the inlet structure, and the outlet structure through laser cladding.

Abstract: A method of forming a position measurement system includes melting a surface of a substrate formed from a first material, wherein the surface defines at least one groove therein and wherein the surface is melted within the at least one groove. The method also includes, concurrent to melting, depositing a second material into the at least one groove to form a mixture of the first material and the second material. The method further includes solidifying the mixture to form an indicator material that is distinguishable from and metallurgically bonded to the first material, and depositing an alloy onto the substrate to form a corrosion-resistant cladding that covers the indicator material and the surface to thereby form the position measurement system. A position measurement system is also disclosed.

Abstract: A liquid cooled semiconductor device is provided. The device includes a semiconductor die and a heat spreader. In one aspect of the invention, the heat spreader is mounted to a substrate such that a first side of the spreader is exposed on one side of the substrate and that a second side of the heat spreader is exposed on an opposing side of the substrate. Attached to a first side of the spreader is the semiconductor die. In another aspect of the invention, a wetting material is used to provide a thermal/electrical connection between the die and heat spreader. Sealant is provided between the die and the heat spreader to encapsulate and contain the wetting material.

Abstract: A liquid cooled semiconductor device is provided. The device includes a semiconductor die, a heat spreader, a wetting material, a sealant, a substrate, and a base. The spreader is mounted to a substrate such that a first side of the spreader is exposed on one side of the substrate and that a second side of the spreader is exposed on an opposing side of the substrate. Attached to a first side of the spreader is the semiconductor die. The wetting material is used to provide a thermal/electrical connection between the die and heat spreader. Sealant is provided between the die and the heat spreader to encapsulate and contain the wetting material. The substrate is mounted to the base, whereby the second side of the spreader is exposed to allow fluid to flow across the second side, directed within a channel defined by the base, and transfer heat away from the spreader.