Abstract: To make an inexpensive chromatographic column and perform chromatography with it, column walls and a column end with a port are molded integrally from plastic. A closure is integrally molded with a port as well. One type of closure includes part of a snap-on fastener integrally molded to it to cooperate with corresponding parts molded integrally with the column walls. In another type of closure for higher pressures, the closure is spin welded to the tubular walls. In still another type of closure for still higher pressures, a retaining plate is pressed into the column to hold the packing in place. The closures have channels molded into them radiating from a port and opening toward packing material such as silica beads or porous polymeric plugs. Filters and secondary seals may be located at the ends to prevent leakage of the packing material.

Abstract: A nebulizer for producing a quantity of fine liquid droplets consisting of a screen over which the liquid to be nebulized is flowed and a nozzle for directing a stream of gas at the screen. The force of the gas against the screen creates the droplets by shearing the liquid from the spaces in the mesh. A second screen in front of the first may be used to increase the uniformity of the output.