Abstract: A system for catalytically treating a gas stream includes a gas phase reactor containing a catalyst for the treatment of the gas stream in at least one catalyst bed having an upstream end and a downstream end, an axial fan positioned upstream of the at least one catalyst bed and having an impeller for moving the gas stream through the gas phase reactor. The gas flow is modified between the impeller and the gas phase reactor to decrease gas stream velocity and increase gas flow uniformity.

Abstract: A cracking furnace for the pyrolysis heating of an organic feedstock includes a heating section and at least one convection section. In one embodiment the furnace includes first and second convection sections positioned along opposite sides of the heating section. The openings for admitting flue gas to the convection sections can be at the top or the bottom of the heating section. In another embodiment the furnace includes a plurality of passageways for the communication of flue gas from the heating section to the convection section. The passageways can be positioned at the top or the bottom of the heating section. The passageways provide a more even flow of flue gas through the heating section by preventing recirculation of the flue gas within the heating chamber.

Abstract: A cracking furnace for the pyrolysis heating of an organic feedstock includes a heating section and at least one convection section. In one embodiment the furnace includes first and second convection sections positioned along opposite sides of the heating section. The openings for admitting flue gas to the convection sections can be at the top or the bottom of the heating section. In another embodiment the furnace includes a plurality of passageways for the communication of flue gas from the heating section to the convection section. The passageways can be positioned at the top or the bottom of the heating section. The passageways provide a more even flow of flue gas through the heating section by preventing recirculation of the flue gas within the heating chamber.

Abstract: A system for catalytically treating a gas stream includes a gas phase reactor containing a catalyst for the treatment of the gas stream in at least one catalyst bed having an upstream end and a downstream end, an axial fan positioned upstream of the at least one catalyst bed and having an impeller for moving the gas stream through the gas phase reactor. The gas flow is modified between the impeller and the gas phase reactor to decrease gas stream velocity and increase gas flow uniformity.

Abstract: A quench cooler or transferline heat exchanger for quenching the effluent from a hydrocracking furnace has an inlet coupling between the cracking furnace tubes and the tubes of the quench cooler which splits the flow into a plurality of branches. The flow passages are configured to initially decelerate and then re-accelerate the gas. This involves a conical diverging diffuser section and then a tapered and branched converging section. The cross sectional transitions are smooth to avoid dead spaces and minimize pressure loss.

Abstract: Processes for carrying out catalytic exothermic and endothermic high-pressure gas reactions with a single-walled pressure vessel or shell containing cross-flow (e.g., radial flow) heat transfer exchangers, a continuous catalytic bed having at least two stages, and means for effecting "cross-over" material flows from "outside" to "inside" (for exothermic reactions) and vice versa (for endothermic reactions), whereby conditions of: maximum gas temperature always being in the core of said vessel or shell, minimal pressure drop, and minimal compression of catalyst particles are achieved, along with significant economic savings in cost of the pressure vessel or shell and catalyst (through extension of catalyst life).

Abstract: Processes for carrying out catalytic exothermic and endothermic high-pressure gas reactions with a single-walled pressure vessel or shell containing cross-flow (e.g., radial flow) heat transfer exchangers, a continuous catalytic bed having at least two stages, and means for effecting "cross-over" material flows from "outside" to "inside" (for exothermic reactions) and vice versa (for endothermic reactions), whereby conditions of: maximum gas temperature always being in the core of said vessel or shell, minimal pressure drop, and minimal compression of catalyst particles are achieved, along with significant economic savings in cost of the pressure vessel or shell and catalyst (through extension of catalyst life).

Abstract: Apparatus for carrying out catalytic exothermic and endothermic high-pressure gas reactions, comprising a single-walled pressure vessel or shell containing cross-flow (e.g., radial flow) heat transfer exchangers, a continuous catalytic bed having at least two stages, and means for effecting "cross-over" material flows from "outside" to "inside" (for exothermic reactions) and vice versa (for endothermic reactions), whereby conditions of: maximum gas temperature always being in the core of the apparatus, minimal pressure drop, and minimal compression of catalyst particles are achieved, along with significant economic savings in cost of the apparatus and catalyst (through extension of catalyst life).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an insulated container construction and describes more specifically an embodiment of such construction which is in the nature of a disposable hot drink cup which includes an outer member shaped generally as a frustum of a cone having an open upper end and a closed bottom end and constructed of a paper material which preferably has a thickness in the range of from about 0.305 mm. to 0.457 mm. The container construction, also, includes an inner member shaped generally as a frustum of a cone and having an open upper end and a closed bottom end and residing within the above referred to outer member. The inner member is constructed of a synthetic resin or plastic material and preferably polystyrene and preferably of a thickness in the range of from about 0.127 mm. to 0.381 mm.