Abstract: A laser treatment device includes a laser source configured to emit optical energy at a wavelength between about 2,700-3,500 nm, a laser applicator configured to deliver the optical energy to a target area of human tissue, and a controller configured to control the laser source and applicator to form a hole in the human tissue within the target area by delivering laser pulses to a plurality of locations forming a pattern within the target area. Each of the locations partially overlaps with at least one other of the locations. The controller is configured to provide each of the pulses with a fluence above an ablation threshold fluence for the laser wavelength such that a thermal injury percentage for energy delivered by each pulse is between about 5-50%. The thermal injury percentage is determined by dividing the ablation threshold fluence by the fluence of each pulse.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine that includes a block, a cylinder head having an intake valve port and exhaust valve port formed therein, a piston, and a combustion chamber defined by the block, the piston, and the head. At least one thermoelectric device is positioned within either or both the intake valve port and the exhaust valve port. Each of the valves is configured to move within a respective intake and exhaust valve port thereby causing said valves to engage the thermoelectric devices resulting in heat transfer from the valves to the thermoelectric devices. The intake valve port and exhaust valve port are configured to fluidly direct intake air and exhaust gas, respectively, into the combustion chamber and the thermoelectric device is positioned within the intake valve port, and exhaust valve port, such that the thermoelectric device is in contact with the intake air and exhaust gas.

Abstract: A method for reducing pollutant emissions of a power system may include the steps of providing a first portion of an ethanol additive to a first power source, wherein the first power source includes a combustion chamber. The method may also include supplying a second portion of the ethanol additive to a second power source and providing a primary fuel to the combustion chamber. The method may further include the steps of combusting at least a portion of primary fuel and at least some of the first portion of ethanol additive in the combustion chamber, wherein the combustion results in formation of an exhaust-gas stream, providing a third portion of ethanol additive to the exhaust-gas stream, and exposing the exhaust-gas stream to a selective catalytic reduction system catalyst.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an engine operating method and high power density internal combustion engine, including an engine housing with a plurality of cylinders. Fuel injectors are provided and disposed at least partially within each cylinder, and configured to inject fuel such as diesel, JP8 or another fuel therein for compression ignition. The engine is configured to burn a quantity of injected fuel to yield at least about 150 horsepower per liter of engine displacement at a smoke output of less than about 0.4 grams, and in some cases less than about 0.75 grams, smoke per horsepower-hour, at a fuel consumption of less than about 250 grams fuel per kilowatt-hour output of the engine.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an internal combustion engine having an engine housing with at least one cylinder that has diameter less than about 3 inches. A fuel injector is provided and disposed at least partially within the at least one cylinder, and includes a plurality of outlet orifices having a diameter between about 50 microns and about 110 microns. The disclosure further provides a method of operating an internal combustion engine. The method includes the steps of rotating an engine crank shaft of the engine at a speed greater than about 5000 revolutions per minute, injecting a quantity of fuel into each of the cylinders, and burning at least every fourth piston stroke a sufficient quantity of the injected fuel to yield a brake mean effective pressure of at least about 200 lbs. per square inch.