Abstract: The sulfur in bituminous coal can be converted to calcium sulfate instead of sulfur dioxide during combustion when it is mixed with petroleum pitch and calcium oxide, calcium carbonate or dolomite.

Abstract: The sulfur in petroleum pitches and cokes can be converted to calcium sulfate instead of sulfur dioxide during combustion when calcium oxide or calcium carbonate is added to the molten pitch before burning.

Abstract: A precision electromechanical measuring device utilizes a strain gauge or pressure transducer to sense changes of position in a workpiece contacting finger. The finger is pivotable about a relatively stiff pivot to different positions, enabling the instrument's use as a center finder for circular bores and pins or for verifying the flatness and perpendicularity of a disc or plate to the axis of rotation of a spindle. A housing of the device supports a rotatable shank extending from one end for engagement in a chuck, mandrel or collet associated with a spindle of a machine, and also supports pivotal apparatus including the finger extending out the other end of the housing. Brushes conduct a variable signal from the strain gauge in the housing to the exterior, where the signal is fed to an ammeter.

Abstract: A piston-like member slides within a valve body, with one end sealingly engageable against a valve seat communicating with an inlet port. The other end of the piston-like member forms a movable wall of an expansible chamber which, when it expands, moves the member toward valve closure. Preferably, both ends of the piston-like member are engaged against diaphragms, one of which seals against the valve seat to close the valve and the other of which serves as the movable wall of the expansible chamber. The valve may be solenoid operated, preferably with a solenoid of linear force characteristics, the solenoid being connected to the piston-member via a pivoted arm. The solenoid-controlled valve can be used to control the flow of a very highly pressurized or large-volume inlet fluid with a relatively low solenoid force by connecting the expansible chamber with inlet pressure, so that inlet pressure acts on both ends of the piston-like member, tending to balance forces.

Abstract: A solenoid for uses such as in a valve for fluid flow control. The solenoid has an armature movable within a core in response to current in a field coil. The armature is shaped as a cone with a hemispherical end so as to give a power output that is a substantially linear function of said current. In a valve, valve control means connects a valve member to the armature for moving the valve member to and from a valve seat to control fluid flow therethrough.

Abstract: A solenoid valve for fluid flow control, in which the solenoid has an armature movable within a core in response to current in a field coil. The armature is shaped as a cone with a hemispherical end so as to give a power output that is a substantially linear function of said current. Valve control means connects a valve member to the armature for moving the valve member to and from a valve seat to control fluid flow therethrough.

Abstract: An auxiliary power system for an internal combustion engine. The system employs a vapor or hot gas engine coupled to an internal combustion engine by means of an overruning clutch assembly. The internal combustion engine, operated conventionally, generates heat in its cooling and exhaust systems as well as in accessory equipment. The heat generated in the internal combustion engine and its accessories is used for generating vapor in one or more heat exchangers, the vapor preferably being from a liquid with a boiling point well below that of water. The generated vapor is used to drive a vapor engine. Temperature-sensitive means is employed to measure the heat generated in one or more parts of the system for controlling a linear solenoid valve for automatically controlling the internal combustion engine temperatures and thereby the amount of vapor generated.

Abstract: A means of and method of forming sheet metal by use of fluid pressure wherein an initially flat sheet metal work piece is placed on a backing plate with its margins clamped between the plate and a peripheral clamping ring. The clamping ring is clamped against the margin of the work piece by a plurality of fluid operated clamping units. the side of the work piece opposite from the backing plate and within the clamping ring is free to expand or distend without restraint except that provided by the metal comprising the work piece itself. Pressure fluid is introduced between the metal work piece and its backing plate to cause the work piece to distend away from the backing plate. A set of freely movable feeler strips engage the edge of the work piece at spaced points. The feeler strips control sensing units which, in turn, control the pressure exerted by the clamping units so as to permit predetermined slippage of the margin of the work piece with respect to the clamping rings.