Abstract: A low inclusion animal feed binder composed of ozonated lignosulfonate. The ozonated lignosulfonate is a reaction product of lignosulfonate and ozone prepared by treating lignosulfonate with 2-20% ozone by weight of lignosulfonate solids at an initial pH of 2 to 12 and at a temperature of 5.degree. to 100.degree. C. The binder is incorporated with the animal feed in an amount from 0.01 to 2% by weight of dry feed.

Abstract: A non-toxic stable lignosulfonate-urea-formaldehyde composition. The composition is particularly useful as a binder for animal feeds. A method of making the composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: A lignosulfonate useful pharmacologically as an anti-thrombotic that inhibits deep venous thrombophlebitis without effecting blood coagulation, and which causes no apparent increased bleeding or side effects. The lignosulfonate is isolated from softwood spent sulfite liquor, and is administered in low dosages of from about 0.05 to about 1.0 mg/milliter of blood. A method of making and administering the lignosulfonate is also disclosed.

Abstract: A stable lignosulfonate emulsion for use as a binding agent includes an aqueous dispersion of lignosulfonate containing material having an initial solids concentration of between about 45% to about 65% by weight, and about 1 part to about 50 parts, per 100 parts of the lignosulfonate containing material, of a hydrophobe such as wax, oil, fat, asphalt or mixtures thereof. Spray drying the emulsion provides a powder which is less dusty than comparable lignosulfonate products similarly dried, and which upon rewetting provides a stable emulsion. A method of preparing the emulsion is also disclosed.

Abstract: Novel lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resins, suitable for use as wood bonding adhesives, are provided by a two-step method which comprises reacting formaldehyde and phenol in the presence of an alkaline catalyst for a period sufficient to produce a partially condensed phenol-formaldehyde resin, thereafter reacting said precondensed resin with sodium hydroxide, formaldehyde and a lignin concentrate having at least 40% solids and comprising lignin dissolved in (a) phenol and water; or (b) phenol, water and sodium hydroxide or ammonia, the lignin to phenol weight ratios in said solution being less than 70:30 and more than 40:60. The second stage of the method is conducted at reflux temperature initially after which reaction is conducted below reflux temperature to control the degree of condensation.