Abstract: A process to prepare polycarbamate comprising adding urea to a polyol in the presence of at least one catalyst selected from the group consisting of compounds having the following formula MmZn; wherein M is a tetravalent metal, and Z is an anionic functionality or a functionality capable of forming a covalent bond with M and wherein n times a valence number of Z equals X and m times four equals Y wherein the absolute value of X equals the absolute value of Y is provided. Also provided are a polycarbamate produced according to the process and a coating composition comprising the polycarbamate.

Abstract: A process to prepare polycarbamate comprising adding urea to a polyol in the presence of at least one catalyst selected from the group consisting of compounds having the following formula MmZn; wherein M is a divalent metal, and Z is an anionic functionality or a functionality capable of forming a covalent bond with M and wherein n times a valence number of Z equals X and m times two equals Y wherein the absolute value of X equals the absolute value of Y is provided. Also provided are a polycarbamate produced according to the process and a coating composition comprising the polycarbamate.

Abstract: A first process to produce polycarbamate comprising providing urea in liquid form; and adding the liquid urea to a polyol is provided. A second process for producing polycarbamate comprising adding solid urea to a polyol in liquid form to form a reaction mixture is provided. Also provided is a reaction product produced by the first process or second process.

Abstract: Butadiene polymers are brominated using a quaternary ammonium or quaternary phosphonium tribromide as the brominating agent. The bromination is performed in a solvent mixture than contains at least one polyhalogenated alkane and at least one monohalogenated alkane. The process proceeds easily under mild conditions and allows high conversions to be achieved easily.

Abstract: A first process to produce polycarbamate comprising providing urea in liquid form; and adding the liquid urea to a polyol is provided. A second process for producing polycarbamate comprising adding solid urea to a polyol in liquid form to form a reaction mixture is provided. Also provided is a reaction product produced by the first process or second process.

Abstract: Brominated styrene-butadiene copolymers are recovered from solutions in a halogenated solvent by an anti-solvent precipitation process. The precipitation process is performed by adding the anti-solvent to the brominated styrene-butadiene copolymer solution. By performing the precipitation using this specific order of addition, a denser product is obtained that is easier to dry. The recovered product shows a reduced tendency to act as a nucleating agent when it is used as a flame retardant additive in an extrusion foaming process.

Abstract: Butadiene polymers are brominated using a quaternary ammonium or quaternary phosphonium tribromide as the brominating agent. The bromination is performed in a solvent mixture than contains at least one polyhalogenated alkane and at least one monohalogenated alkane. The process proceeds easily under mild conditions and allows high conversions to be achieved easily.

Abstract: An ester of a sugar and a brominated fatty acid is a useful FR additive for combustible polymers. The brominated FR additives unexpectedly are stable at the extrusion temperatures, and provide excellent flame retardancy to the combustible polymers.

Abstract: Butadiene copolymers are brominated using certain quaternary ammonium tribromides as the brominating agent in a first step, and then with elemental bromine in a second bromination step. The bromination process proceeds easily under mild conditions, and produces a brominated product that has excellent thermal stability. The bromination proceeds to high conversions in shorter reaction times, when the bromination is performed using only the first bromination step.

Abstract: Butadiene polymers are brominated using tetraethylammonium tribromide as the brominating agent. The bromination is performed in a solvent for the starting polymer and for the tetraethylammonium bromide that is formed as a reaction byproduct. The process proceeds easily under mild conditions. In some cases, a solution of the brominated polymer and the tetraethylammonium monobromide is produced; this solution separates into a layer that contains the brominated polymer and another layer that contains most or all of the tetraethylammonium monobromide salt. In other cases, the brominated polymer precipitates from the reaction mixture and is separated from the tetraethylammonium monobromide salt in that manner. This process therefore permits the tetraethylammonium monobromide reaction by-product to be separated easily from the brominated product, and allows aqueous washing steps to be reduced or eliminated.

Abstract: Compounds or polymers that contain carbon-carbon unsaturation are brominated using a quaternary phosphonium tribromide as the brominating agent. The bromination process proceeds easily under mild conditions. The process can be highly selective. When the substrate is a butadiene polymer or copolymer, the brominated product tends to have excellent thermal stability.

Abstract: An epoxy resin reactive diluent composition comprises an epoxy resin diluent (A) and a resin compound (B), wherein the epoxy resin diluent (A) comprises a cis, trans-1,3- and -1,4-cyclohexanedimethylether moiety; and wherein the resin compound (B) comprises one or more epoxy resins other than the epoxy resin diluent (A). A curable epoxy resin composition comprises the epoxy resin reactive diluent composition and a curing agent and/or curing catalyst therefore. A cured epoxy resin is prepared by curing the curable epoxy resin composition.

Abstract: Butadiene copolymers are brominated using certain quaternary ammonium tribromides as the brominating agent. The bromination process proceeds easily under mild conditions, and produces a brominated product that has excellent thermal stability.

Abstract: Butadiene copolymers are brominated in solution using bromine as the brominating agent. The bromination is conducted in the presence of an excess of an aliphatic alcohol, relative to the amount of bromine that is used. The bromination proceeds rapidly at mild conditions, and is selective in that only aliphatic carbon-carbon double bonds are brominated, and unwanted bromination at tertiary carbon atoms is largely or completely avoided. The resulting brominated polymers are characterized in having very good thermal stability.

Abstract: An ester of a sugar and a brominated fatty acid is a useful FR additive for combustible polymers. The brominated FR additives unexpectedly are stable at the extrusion temperatures, and provide excellent flame retardancy to the combustible polymers.

Abstract: Compounds or polymers that contain carbon-carbon unsaturation are brominated using a quaternary phosphonium tribromide as the brominating agent. The bromination process proceeds easily under mild conditions. The process can be highly selective. When the substrate is a butadiene polymer or copolymer, the brominated product tends to have excellent thermal stability.

Abstract: Butadiene copolymers are brominated using certain quaternary ammonium tribromides as the brominating agent in a first step, and then with elemental bromine in a second bromination step. The bromination process proceeds easily under mild conditions, and produces a brominated product that has excellent thermal stability. The bromination proceeds to high conversions in shorter reaction times, when the bromination is performed using only the first bromination step.

Abstract: An epoxy resin reactive diluent composition comprises an epoxy resin diluent (A) and a resin compound (B), wherein the epoxy resin diluent (A) comprises a cis, trans-1,3- and -1,4-cyclohexanedimethylether moiety; and wherein the resin compound (B) comprises one or more epoxy resins other than the epoxy resin diluent (A). A curable epoxy resin composition comprises the epoxy resin reactive diluent composition and a curing agent and/or curing catalyst therefore. A cured epoxy resin is prepared by curing the curable epoxy resin composition.

Abstract: Epoxy resins comprising a cis, trans-1,3- and -1,4-cyclohexanedimethylether moiety and processes for preparing the epoxy resins. The process of preparation of the epoxy resins comprises reacting (a) a mixture of a cis-1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol, a trans-1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol, a cis-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, and a trans-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, (b) an epihalohydrin, (c) a basic acting substance, (d) optionally, a solvent, (e) optionally, a catalyst, and/or (f) optionally, a dehydrating agent. The process may be a slurry epoxidation process, an anhydrous epoxidation process, or a Lewis acid catalyzed coupling and epoxidation process.

Abstract: Butadiene copolymers are brominated using certain quaternary ammonium tribromides as the brominating agent. The bromination process proceeds easily under mild conditions, and produces a brominated product that has excellent thermal stability.