Abstract: In one embodiment, the present application discloses 2-aza-, 2-oxa- and 2-thia-2,3-dihydro-6-azaphenalene compounds and compositions, and methods for treating a neurological disease in a patient in need thereof using the compounds and compositions as disclosed herein.

Abstract: A method of treating particulate biodegradable organic waste by thermal hydrolysis. The method includes subjecting a quantity of the particulate biodegradable waste to thermal hydrolysis at a temperature above about 130° C. and a pressure at or above the saturated water vapor pressure to produce a slurry. The slurry will include solubilized organic material and unhydrolyzed residual solids. The method further includes decreasing the pressure at which the slurry is maintained. Typically, the step of decreasing slurry pressure will occur in a flash tank, which allows the separation of an organic acid-rich steam from other hydrolysis products. The method further includes capturing the steam or other condensable gases released when pressure is decreased and condensing the steam or other condensable gases into a condensate. The captured condensate may then be added to a quantity of particulate biodegradable waste prior to thermal hydrolysis. Also disclosed is an apparatus for practicing the method described above.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating particulate biodegradable organic waste includes a thermal hydrolysis reactor receiving the particulate biodegradable organic waste for performing thermal hydrolysis at a temperature of about 130° C. at a pressure at or above the saturated water vapor pressure of the organic waste to produce a slurry including solubilized organic material and residual solids. A pH adjustment means for adjusting the pH of the particulate biodegradable organic waste as necessary to provide an acidic pH of greater than about 3.15 before thermo hydrolysis of the particulate biodegradable organic waste is provided. Separating means receive the solubilized organic material and residual solids for separating solubilized organic material from the residual solids. An anaerobic reactor is configured to receive the solubilized organic material.

Abstract: A method for treating particulate biodegradable organic waste includes sizing the waste and adding a base prior to introducing the waste to a thermal hydrolysis reactor and hydrolyzing the waste at a temperature of about 130° C. or greater and a pressure greater than the saturated water vapor pressure to produce a slurry including solubilized organic material and residual solids. The solubilized organic material is separated from the residual solids using a liquid/solid separator and the solubilized organics are subjected to anaerobic digestion to produce a methane gas. The base is preferably potassium hydroxide (KOH) at a concentration of about 1%. The method may further include preheating the particulate biodegradable organic waste with latent heat of the separated solubilized organic material prior to thermal hydrolysis.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention is concerned with novel xanthene compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein each R.sup.1 is the same and is selected from ##STR2## R.sup.2 is alkyl, R.sup.3 is an electron-withdrawing group positioned ortho, meta or para to said N atom, R.sup.4 is hydrogen, alkyl or an electron-withdrawing group positioned ortho, meta or para to said N atom; R.sup.5 is alkyl; X is hydrogen, an electron-withdrawing group or an electron-donating group; and A is an anion. In another embodiment, the present invention is concerned with photographic products and processes employing these xanthene compounds, e.g., as photographic light-screening dyes.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention is concerned with novel xanthene compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein each R.sup.1 is the same and is selected from ##STR2## R.sup.2 is alkyl, R.sup.3 is an electron-withdrawing group positioned ortho, meta or para to said N atom, R.sup.4 is hydrogen, alkyl or an electron-withdrawing group positioned ortho, meta or para to said N atom; R.sup.5 is alkyl; X is hydrogen, an electron-withdrawing group or an electron-donating group; and A is an anion. In another embodiment, the present invention is concerned with photographic products and processes employing these xanthene compounds, e.g., as photographic light-screening dyes.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of synthesizing certain 3-(carbocyclic aryl)-3-(4'-OP-carbocyclic aryl)-2,3-dihydrobenz[d]isothiazole-1,1-dioxides (and -2,3-dihydronaphtho[1,8-de]-1,2-thiazine-1,1-dioxides) by reacting (a) a 4-OP-carbocyclic aryllithium compound wherein P is a protecting group and (b) a 3-(carbocyclic aryl)benz[d]isothiazole-1,1-dioxide wherein said 3-(carbocyclic aryl) moiety is other than a 3-(4'-OP-carbocyclic aryl) moiety to give (c) the corresponding 3-carbocyclic aryl)-3-(4'-OP-carbocyclic aryl)-2,3-dihydrobenz[d]isothiazole-1,1-dioxide. The -2,3-dihydronaphtho[1,8-de]-1,2-thiazine-1,1-dioxides are prepared in the same manner by reacting a 3-(carbocyclic aryl)naphtho[1,8-de]-1,2-thiazine-1,1-dioxide with said 4'-OP-carbocyclic aryllithium compound.

Abstract: This invention relates to 3-(julolidinyl)-benz[d]-isothiazole-1,1-dioxide useful as an intermediate in the synthesis of certain 3,3-disubstituted-2,3-dihydrobenz[d]-isothiazole-1,1-dioxide dyes which find utility as, for example, photographic optical filter agents and filter agent precursors.

Abstract: This invention relates to 3-(phenyl/naphthyl)benz[d]isothiazole-1,1-dioxides wherein the phenyl or naphthyl substituent possesses an N-heterocyclic moiety in the para position. These compounds are useful as intermediates in the synthesis of certain 3,3-disubstituted-2,3-dihydrobenz[d]isothiazole-1,1-dioxide dyes which find utility as, for example, photographic optical filter agents and filter agent precursors.