Abstract: A process for separating Cesium and other elements from refuse. Crushed refuse is admixed with water from a water storage source. The admixture is transferred to a first cyclone separator to divide the admixture into a refuse rich slurry stream and a carbonaceous rich slurry stream. The refuse rich slurry stream is dewatered through a vibrating screen and the water collected sent to the raw feed sump source. The carbonaceous rich slurry is directed to a second cyclone separator to separate low quality carbon from high quality carbon, the high quality carbon is transferred to a third cyclone separator used to separate the element rich media water therefrom. The separated media water is returned via a siphon leg to the raw feed sump, and the dewatered high quality Cesium is available for markets.

Abstract: A process for separating Anthracite and low quality carbon from refuse. Crushed refuse is admixed with water from a water storage source. The admixture is transferred to a first cyclone separator to divide the admixture into a refuse rich slurry stream and a carbonaceous rich slurry stream. The refuse rich slurry stream is dewatered through a vibrating screen and the water collected sent to the raw feed sump source. The carbonaceous rich slurry is directed to a second cyclone separator to separate low quality carbon from high quality carbon, the high quality carbon is transferred to a third cyclone separator used to separate the media water therefrom. The separated media water is returned via a siphon leg to the raw feed sump, and the dewatered high quality Anthracite is available for markets requiring higher quality carbon.

Abstract: A process for separating Anthracite and low quality carbon from refuse. Crushed refuse is admixed with water from a water storage source. The admixture is transferred to a first cyclone separator to divide the admixture into a refuse rich slurry stream and a carbonaceous rich slurry stream. The refuse rich slurry stream is dewatered through a vibrating screen and the water collected sent to the raw feed sump source. The carbonaceous rich slurry is directed to a second cyclone separator to separate low quality carbon from high quality carbon, the high quality carbon is transferred to a third cyclone separator used to separate the media water therefrom. The separated media water is returned via a siphon leg to the raw feed sump, and the dewatered high quality Anthracite is available for markets requiring higher quality carbon.

Abstract: A golf club is provided having a hollow shaft, a grip at one end of the shaft, and a hollow club head providing a striking face at an opposite end of the shaft. A hermetically-sealed, hollow, vacuum chamber in which air and other gases have been evacuated and in which an amount of a fluent weight medium is contained is provided within the golf club and extends continuously within the shaft and club head, such that, during a backswing of the golf club, the fluent weight medium is displaceable from a distal end of the vacuum chamber within the club head to a proximal end of the vacuum chamber within the shaft and during a downswing of the golf club, the fluent weight medium is displaceable from the proximal end of the vacuum chamber within the shaft to the distal end of the vacuum chamber within the club head.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for producing ultra clean liquid fuel from abandoned mine waste. A feedstock is prepared from water and coal mine waste having relatively high ash (non-carbonaceous matter) content. Foundry slag is added to the feedstock as a fluxant to adjust the melting behavior of the ash in the feedstock. Preferably, the fluxant is blast furnace slag provided in a particle size of less than about 150 ?m and is provided in an amount sufficient to lower the melting point of the ash in the feedstock by at least about 200° F. The feedstock is admitted with a flow of oxygen into a pressurized chamber of an entrained flow gasifier in which the feedstock and oxygen are heated to produce a synthetic gas from a coal component of the feedstock and molten slag from the ash and fluxant components of the feedstock. The molten slag is of a viscosity to freely flow out of the gasifier through an exit port in the bottom of the gasifier.

Abstract: The effective coupling and combination of coal gasification and coal liquefaction techniques to produce ultra clean liquid fuels from carbonaceous matter preferably provided from an abundance of waste coal mining material. The method and apparatus includes a final sulfur washing step utilizing a zinc oxide membrane to remove virtually all sulfur from synthetic gas produced in an entrained flow gasifier before the synthetic gas is permitted to enter a slurry phase vessel having a catalyst used to produce a parafin from which liquid fuel is produced. The liquid fuel is preferably an ultra clean, high cetane, sulfur-free diesel fuel.

Abstract: A power plant generates electricity from carbonaceous material and fuel provided by a syngas plant such that clean electric power is generated and flue gas emissions are minimized. The syngas plant produces liquid fuel and unreacted syngas in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor, and the unreacted syngas is conducted to a combustion chamber of the power plant for use as a clean fuel moiety of the carbonaceous material burned in the combustion chamber. The unreacted syngas enables the electric power plant to operate below acceptable environmental limits in producing steam to generate electricity.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for coal gasification plant feedstock preparation. A raw feedstock slurry is fed to a hydrocyclone which separates and provides a primary carbonaceous-rich overflow. The primary overflow is further separated by a dewatering screen into a secondary carbonaceous-rich overflow and a media bleed slurry. The secondary overflow is crushed by a crusher and a portion of the media bleed slurry is added to the crushed secondary overflow for subsequent milling and conditioning.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for coal gasification plant feedstock preparation. A raw feedstock slurry is fed to a hydrocyclone which separates and provides a primary carbonaceous-rich overflow. The primary overflow is further separated by a dewatering screen into a secondary carbonaceous-rich overflow and a media bleed slurry. The secondary overflow is crushed by a crusher and a portion of the media bleed slurry is added to the crushed secondary overflow for subsequent milling and conditioning.

Abstract: A continuous fluidized-bed combustion process for particulate carbonaceous feedstock of high ash content. The feedstock fuel is prepared from culm or mine tailings washed in a dense media and crushed to yield a fuel product having an ash content in a range of about 30 percent to about 50 percent, by weight. The feedstock fuel is mixed with fine particles of scavenging material, such as limestone or dolomite, and the resulting feedstock mixture is burned in a circulating fluidized-bed combustion chamber. A portion of the ash remaining after combustion is discharged out the bottom chamber, the remainder being carried with the combustion gases through a hot cyclone and heat exchangers for generating power. The ash within these gases is separated and recirculated through the fluidized bed, and the combustion gases are discharged.

Abstract: A continuous fluidized-bed combustion process for particulate carbonaceous feedstock of high ash content. The feedstock fuel is prepared from culm or mine tailings washed in a dense media and crushed to yield a fuel product having an ash content in a range of about 30 percent to about 50 percent, by weight. The feedstock fuel is mixed with fine particles of scavenging material, such as limestone or dolomite, and the resulting feedstock mixture is burned in a circulating fluidized-bed combustion chamber. A portion of the ash remaining after combustion is discharged out the bottom chamber, the remainder being carried with the combustion gases through a hot cyclone and heat exchangers for generating power. The ash within these gases is separated and recirculated through the fluidized bed, and the combustion gases are discharged.

Abstract: A process particularly suited for producing anthracite coal having an ash content greater than about 20 percent. In the process, an aqueous feedstock slurry composed of raw input and a heavy medium having a magnetic component is subjected to a particular type of cyclonic separating action which produces a coal product having a specific gravity of at least about 1.9 while the specific gravity of the heavy medium is maintained at least about 0.4 units below the specific gravity of the coal product. The configuration of the cyclones and composition of heavy medium is such as to enable separation to occur at a relatively high specific gravity with a medium of relatively low specific gravity and viscosity, thereby minimizing magnetite ore losses and energy required to effect separation.

Abstract: Coal is separated from mining refuse utilizing an autogenous non-magnetic heavy medium and one or more cyclonic separators. In the process, raw input from mine tailings is screened and mixed with heavy medium to form an aqueous slurry feedstock. The feedstock slurry flows through a primary cyclonic separator which causes a coal-rich portion to exit its overflow and a refuse-rich portion to exit its underflow. The coal-rich overflow is dewatered to produce clean coal solids and a water-rich underflow slurry. The refuse-rich underflow from the primary cyclone is dewatered to produce solid refuse particles and one portion of the heavy medium. Another portion of the heavy medium is obtained by the underflow from the coal-rich slurry dewatering equipment.